Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection

Summary Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection have disporven some of the central tenets of both the handicap mechanism and the sexy son hypothesis. These results suggest that the good genes approach to sexual selection may generally lead to erroneous results.Runaway sexual selection seems possible under a wide variety of circumstances. Quantittive genetic models have revealed runaway processes for sexually selected attributes expressed in both sexes and for attributes of parental care. Furthermore, the runaway could occur simultaneously in a series of populations that straddle an environmental gradient. While the models support the feasibility of runaway processes, empirical studies are needed to evaluate whether runaways actually happen. Estimates of critical genetic parameters are particularly needed, as well as measures of natural and sexual selection acting on the same population.The models also show that sexual selection has tremendous potential to produce population differentiation, particularly in epigamic traits. Differentiation is promoted by indeterminancy of evolutionary outcome, transient differences among populations during the final slow approach to equilibrium, sampling drift among equilibrium populations, and the tendency of sexual selection to amplify geographic variation arising from spatial differences in natural selection. Recent work with two- and three-locus models of sexual selection has produced results that parallel the results of the polygenic models^36–38,58. Thus the feature of indeterminate equilibria (outcome dependent on initial conditions) is common to both types of model.     

A major metabolite of Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinol reduces its cataleptic effect in mice

Summary The results described here demonstrate that THC-induced catalepsy in mice can be substantially inhibited by the prior administration of ¹-THC-7-oic acid, the major metabolite of THC in most species including humans. This raises the possibility that the intensity and duration of action of THC may depend to a large degree on the levels of this metabolite at the sites of action.We thank the National Institute on Drug Abuse for supporting this project by grants DA-02043 and DA-02052 and for supplying all of the cannabinoids. One of us (S.B.) is also the recipient of a Research Scientist Award from NIDA. We are grateful to Kristen Carlson and Thomas Honeyman for helpful suggestions in preparing this report.     

环的弱理想（Ⅰ）

通过对环的子环所满足的条件进行加强,推广了环的思想概念,引入了弱理想的概念,讨论了弱理想的基本性质,并证明了：（１）环Ｒ的理想类是Ｒ的弱理想类的真子集。（２）一个含有单位元的交换环Ｒ是除环的充分必要条件是Ｒ没有真弱理想。     

非谐振多光子过程的原子压缩效应

考虑非谐振情况下的多光子跃迁过程,在ｋ≥ｒ⊥,ｒ∥的条件下,利用绝热近似方法,由线性Ｆｏｋｋｅｒ－Ｐｌａｎｃｋ方程导出此过程的原子压缩表示式。     

两个不相交集合分组测试的最优过程

讨论了两台装置搜索两个坏硬币分组测试模型的（ｍ,ｎ）一问题,给出了最优测试过程,其测试次数从实质上 改进了测试次数的信息论界。     

系列硫氮环分子的量子化学从头算研究

本文用量子化学从头算方法对系列硫氮环分子的几何构型进行了全优化,得到了硫氮环分子基态的稳定构型,说明了各环型分子的成键情况。通过各硫氮环分子稳定性的比较,确定只有一部分硫氮环分子具有“多电子芳香性”。预测S_2N_3~+和S_5N_2~(2+)合成的可能性。     

杯芳烃-硝基氯苯包络物的电化学行为研究

研究了pH =5 .74的 0 .3mol·L-1KCl底液中杯芳烃与硝基氯苯包络物在汞电极上的极谱行为 ,测定了他们的包络比 ,用电流法测定了它们的包络常数 ,研究了温度对它们的影响 ,结果表明杯芳烃的结构对包络常数有影响 ,所形成的包络物在一定的温度范围内稳定。     

一种适用于并行文件系统的高可用机制

针对并行文件系统文件数据分布存储的特性所带来的系统可靠性和可用性降低的问题,提出了一种提高并行文件系统可靠性与可用性的机制.该机制采用数据镜像技术,应用逻辑镜像环来指定存储节点间的镜像关系,使得一个存储节点既存储自身的数据,也作为其他节点的数据备份节点.该机制还可以通过调整镜像深度,以满足用户对文件系统不同级别的可靠性和可用性要求.同时,建立了马尔可夫链模型,以评估所提机制的可靠性和可用性.数学求解表明,在镜像深度为2时,应用该机制的并行文件系统发生数据丢失的平均时间大大提高,约为原系统的32倍.     

复杂电路中独立回路选择的新方法

利用图论思想方法,讨论了复杂电路中独立回路的选择,提出了断圈、避圈选择独立回路,使用实践表明:此方法适用于任何复杂电路的独立回路的选择.     

除环上分块矩阵广义逆中子块的独立性

通过使用除环上具有同行或同列的双矩阵分解定理,给出了除环上两个同阶矩阵的g-逆和自反g-逆具有子块独立性的充分必要条件.