Reduction and melting behavior of carbon composite lateritic bauxite pellets

Direct reduction of low-grade lateritic bauxite was studied at high temperature to recover Fe and beneficiate Al₂O₃ slag. The results show that a metallization rate of 97.9% and a nugget recovery rate of 85.1% can be achieved when the reducing and melting temperatures are 1350 and 1480℃, respectively. Moreover, a higher-grade calcium aluminate slag (Al₂O₃=50.52wt%) can also be obtained, which is mainly composed of α-Al₂O₃, hercynite (FeAl₂O₄), and gehlenite (Ca₂Al₂SiO₇). In addition, high-quality iron nuggets have been produced from low-grade lateritic bauxite. The nugget is mainly composed of iron (93.82wt%) and carbon (3.86wt%), with almost no gangue (slag).     

Effect of aluminum oxide on the compressive strength of pellets

Analytical-reagent-grade Al₂O₃ was added to magnetite ore during the process of pelletizing, and the methods of mercury intrusion, scanning electron microscopy, and image processing were used to investigate the effect of Al₂O₃ on the compressive strength of the pellets. The results showed that, as the Al₂O₃ content increased, the compressive strength of the pellets increased slightly and then decreased gradually. When a small amount of Al₂O₃ was added to the pellets, the Al₂O₃ combined with fayalite (2FeO·SiO₂) and the aluminosilicate (2FeO·2Al₂O₃·5SiO₂) was generated, which releases some iron oxide and reduces the inhibition of fayalite to the solid phase of consolidation. When Al₂O₃ increased sequentially, high melting point of Al₂O₃ particles hinder the oxidation of Fe₃O₄ and the recrystallization of Fe2O3, making the internal porosity of the pellets increase, which leads to the decrease in compressive strength of the pellets.     

多潘立酮-卡波姆胃内黏附微丸的制备及体外评价

为制备多潘立酮胃内黏附型缓释微丸,并对其体外释放行为及体外的黏附性能进行考察,以卡波姆、羟丙基纤维素和PVP为主要黏附材料,以30%(质量分数)的NaCl水溶液作为润湿剂制备软材,采用挤出-滚圆法制备微丸.以释放度和体外的黏附性为评价指标,采用正交设计,优选出最佳处方,并进行最佳处方的验证,卡波姆、羟丙基纤维素及PVP...     

Effect of diboron trioxide on the crushing strength and smelting mechanism of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite pellets

The effect of diboron trioxide (B₂O₃) on the crushing strength and smelting mechanism of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite pellets was investigated in this work. The main characterization methods were X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, mercury injection porosimetry, X-ray diffraction, metallographic microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that the crushing strength increased greatly with increasing B₂O₃ content and that the increase in crushing strength was strongly correlated with a decrease in porosity, the formation of liquid phases, and the growth and recrystallization consolidation of hematite crystalline grains. The smelting properties were measured under simulated blast furnace conditions; the results showed that the smelting properties within a certain B₂O₃ content range were improved and optimized except in the softening stage. The valuable element B was easily transformed to the slag, and this phenomenon became increasingly evident with increasing B₂O₃ content. The formation of Ti(C,N) was mostly avoided, and the slag and melted iron were separated well during smelting with the addition of B₂O₃. The size increase of the melted iron was consistent with the gradual optimization of the dripping characteristics with increasing B₂O₃ content.     

China’s bioenergy industry development roadmap

Positive development of renewable energy, saving and substitution of fossil energy, promotion of the energy structure adjustment are the inevitable strategy choices of China＇ s sustainable development. This paper discussed the China＇ s bioenergy resources status, development targets and technology development roadmaps. China has 136. 140 million hm^2 of marginal land, which distribute mainly in western and northern regions. There are 1 billion t of crop residues and forestry waste annually, and 300 million t can be used to produce different kinds of bioenergies. And organic waste and manure can generate 50 billion m3 of biogas. The discussed development target indicated that it can construct a biomass oilfield with the capacity of 100 million t/year and reduce 200 million t of CO2 emission by 2020. The bioenergy technology development roadmap indicated that the bioethanol mainly uses non grain starch and hemicellulose products as raw materials in the near-term （2006 -2010）. The biodiesel technology will focus on the advanced production technology, FT diesel, liquefaction of biomass and raw material production technology.     

高含碳金属化球团强度性质

在1050～1200℃条件下研究了不同的配碳比、添加剂、还原温度、生球粒度等对高含碳金属化球团强度的影响.结果表明:高含碳金属化球团还原后的强度随温度的升高而升高;并且以粘土为添加剂的高含碳金属化球团具有较高的强度.     

MHA黏结剂在钒钛磁铁矿氧化球团制备中的应用

应用已发明的MHA黏结剂替代膨润土制备钒钛磁铁矿氧化球团,获得质量优良的高炉冶炼原料。研究表明:当MHA用量为0.25%,在预热温度950℃,预热时间10 min,焙烧温度1 250℃,焙烧时间10 min的条件下,获得的预热球团抗压强度为522 N/个,焙烧球团抗压强度为3 702 N/个。与2.0%膨润土球团矿比较,MHA成品球团的抗压强度略低,而TFe品位明显提高1.11%。2种黏结剂球团矿的还原性能指标接近。MHA球团黏结剂在氧化球团矿生产中具有良好的应用前景。     

Theoretical Computation of Nonlinear System Equations of Heavier Pellets Movements for Two Phase Flow

This paper presents nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODES) of the heavier pellets movement for two phase flow, which actually represent a system of equations. The usual methods of solution such as Runge -Kutta method and it's datum results are discussed. This paper solves ODES of general form using variable mesh-length, linearizing the nonlinear terms by finite analysis method, fuilding an iteration sequence, and amending the nonlinear terms by iteration . The conditions of convergent operation of iteration solution is checked. The movement orbit and velocity of the pellets are calculated. Analysis of research results and it's application examples are illustrated.     

两相流重粒子运动的非线性系统方程组的计算

本文阐述两相流重粒子运动的非线性常微分方程组实际上代表一个系统的方程组,讨论了常用的解法如Runge—Kutta法等和它的结果。本文采取变步长用有限分析法把非线性项线性化,构造一个迭代序列,逐步迭代修正非线性项,求解一般形式的非线性系统方程;并验证迭代逼近解的收缩运算条件;给出计算重粒子运动轨迹和速度的算例,结果分析和说明应用的实例。     

富氧率对钒钛磁铁矿球团还原行为的影响

模拟研究了不同富氧率条件下钛磁铁矿氧化球团的还原过程.通过扫描电镜观察钒钛磁铁矿球团还原过程中的微观结构变化,结合能谱仪研究分析了还原过程中产物的分布变化.结果表明,富氧率的提高对还原度和还原速率提高有明显促进作用.还原过程中钛铁分离伴随着Al元素向高钛矿中迁移富集,最终Al与Ti原子数比为1∶3,Al很可能与钛铁氧化物固溶,形成某种复合化合物并导致球团矿还原难度增加.运用三种不同模型对球团矿还原过程对比分析,发现混合模型可以很好地表征球团矿不同阶段的还原过程.利用混合模型计算得出球团矿还原过程的动力学参数.结果表明,随着富氧率的升高,球团矿还原活化能逐渐降低,从不富氧到富氧79%条件下,活化能由26.5 k J/mol降低到19.68 k J/mol,活化能的降低增加了相同条件下活化分子的数量,提高了反应速率,有利于球团矿在较低还原温度条件下快速反应.