门捷列夫的“旷缺”与中国公使的感叹

1869年门捷列夫完成了世界上第一张化学元素周期表,除了把当时所知的全部63种元素按原子量大小分组(族)排列外,还在表中留下一些空位,预言了与硼、铝、硅类似的元素的存在及其性质。随后的20多年内,这些空位相继被新发现的元素填补。1877年中国首任驻英公使郭嵩焘听到了门捷列夫的预言与元素镓的发现这一故事,联想到发现海王星的经过,由衷感叹西方科学的精致与功效。     

Genetic diversity in the Carabodes marginatus species group (Acarida,Oribatida, Carabodidae) as inferred from allozymes

Ten populations representing four species of the ‘Carabodes marginatus’ group, as C. marginatus, C. affinis, C. quadrangulus and C. montanus from central Italy have been studied for genetic variation at 16 enzymatic loci by electrophoresis. Morphotypes close to C. marginatus but easily distinguishable by the shorter marginal notogastral setae were also included in the analysis to evaluate their systematic status. Carabodes arduinii, a very different species from the ‘coriaceus’ group, was employed as an out-group. Phylogenetic relationships among different species were studied and inferred data demonstrated that cladogenetic events occurred, even though rates of molecular and morphological evolution do not correlate. Morphotypes related to C. marginatus were genetically very close to the type specimens, but a different pattern of allele frequency was observed in sympatric populations of the two setal forms. Possible explanations for this finding are suggested in relation to historical processes. The rate of gene flow among populations of the two morphs was estimated by both Wright's F _st and Slatkin's Nm methods. These two different procedures yielded contradictory results.     

An investigation of predator‐induced defence responses in ciliated protozoa

Predator‐induced defence responses have been reported in 15 species of ciliates representing three subclasses: Hypotrichia, Stichotrichia and Hymenostomia. However, the discovery of this phenomenon in such distantly related groups suggests that it could be more widespread within the Ciliophora. In laboratory experiments, we tested 23 potential prey species with a range of potential predators including other ciliates (12 spp.), amoebae (two spp.), rotifers (two spp.), a turbellarian worm (Stenostomum sphagnetorum), and an oligochaete worm (Chaetogaster sp.). In each experiment, one predator species was incubated for 24?h with one potential prey species and the latter was examined for evidence of a defence response. One new example of predator‐induced morphological change was recorded (Euplotes viridis) and detailed observations were made for one poorly known example (E. eurystomus). Both species significantly increased their width (by about 35% and 23%, respectively) in the presence of the turbellarian worm S. sphagnetorum. An induced life cycle change was recorded for the first time among hypotrichs with E. muscorum exhibiting significantly increased rates of encystation in the presence of the ciliate predators Dileptus anser and Spathidium sp. Finally, Euplotes patella, Euplotes sp. and Stylonychia pustulata, which are usually regarded as omnivorous rather than predatory ciliates, all induced morphological change in Colpidium kleini, the C. kleini cells becoming significantly shorter and wider. No examples of induced defence response were found among groups other than hypotrichs and hymenostomes.     

谈运动过程中的力量素质

本文主要对运动中的力量素质、力量素质的分类及影响力量的生理学因素进行分析,以便在力量训练中选择正确、合理的训练方法,提高力量素质,为掌握技术动作、创造良好的运动成绩打下基础。     

关于极小非幂零群的正规Sylow子群的换位子群的生成元集

讨论了极小非幂零群的正规Sylow子群P的换位子群P’，确定了换位子群P’的一个生成元集．从而用简单的和纯群论方法得到换位子群P’的阶|P’|的上界，并进而得到不等式|P’|≤|P|^1／3．此外，通过相关的本原单位根，给出了换位子群P’的阶|P’|达到这个上界的一个必要条件。     

Poisson积分方程的解的存在唯一性

Poisson积分算子是求解Laplace方程边值问题时导出的一种算子，它可以明确地将这些方程的解表达出来．研究从圆周任意Ω到一般围道Г的Poisson积分方程的解的存在唯一性，并给出一个充要条件．     

四合木（TetraenamongoliaMaxim）常量元素、微量元素、氨基酸和热值的初步分析

对四合木的化学成分，包括常量、微量化学元素、氨基酸以及热值进行了初步分析，结果表明：从常量元素看四合木属Ｃａ＞Ｎａ＞Ｍｇ＞Ｋ型；从微量元素看属Ｆｅ＞Ｍｎ＞Ｃｕ＞Ｚｎ型；叶片氨基酸总含量为７．１６％属于中等水平低于沙冬青（Ａｍｍｏｐｉｐｔａｎｔｈｕｓｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃｕｓ）．热值水平很高，表现为老枝（１９．４４ＭＪ·ｋｇ￣（－１））＞主根（１９．１５Ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣（－１））＞叶片（１０．１８ＭＪ·ｋｇ￣（－１））．     

第ⅡⅢⅣ周期元素原子轨道图

本文报导了第ⅡⅢⅣ周期元素原子轨道图。