Characteristics of strontium isotopes and their implications in the Qixing Cave of Guizhou,China

The strontium isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr) of samples including soils, bedrock, soil waters, drip waters and their corresponding speleothems in the Qixing Cave (QXC), Guizhou Province, China, were systemically measured and analyzed. The results indicate that there are significant Sr isotopic differences among samples. The mean 87Sr/86Sr ratios in drip water for the samples 1#, 4# and 9# were 0.709568, 0.709139 and 0.708761, respectively, which possibly result from different flow paths, residence times, and other hydrogeological processes in the unsaturated zone overlying QXC. Meanwhile, levels of 40.8%, 57.6% and 72.4% of Sr in drip waters for 1#, 4# and 9#, respectively, were derived from bedrock dissolution, which was calculated by the mixture model of the two end-members (soil and bedrock). There is, however, no positive correlation between the relative proportion from bedrock dissolution (δ13C value is 1.8‰) and drip water δ13CDIC values. The mean drip water δ13CDIC value in 1# is the heaviest (–4.5‰) with the lowest contribution rate of bedrock dissolution, whereas the value in 9# is the lightest (–9.3‰) with the highest contribution rate of bedrock dissolution. The proportion from host rock dissolution in 4# is higher than that in 1# and lower than that in 9#, while its mean drip water δ13CDIC value (–8.6‰) is higher than that of 9# and lower than that for 1#. This suggests that the prior calcite precipitation (PCP) processes in the unsaturated zone overlying the cave are responsible for the δ13CDIC value differences between different drip waters, and not bedrock dissolution. Furthermore, this study also demonstrates that the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of speleothems in the 1# and 4# mainly reflect the variation in the relative proportions from the soil system (soil water) and bedrock dissolution overlying the cave. It is, therefore, feasible to use the strontium isotopic signals of speleothems as an indicator for soil chemical weathering intensity, and consequently as a monsoon proxy in the study area.     

农田灌溉水循环利用系统构建方法

介绍了将农田中坑塘湿地改建用于储存降雨径流和农田灌溉排水进行回用的水循环系统构建方法,在提出水循环调蓄湿地体积估算方法的基础上,构建了调蓄湿地水循环利用系统,分析了高效净污载体、微生物筛选与附着、水生植物群落配置和水动力微循环交换系统等水质净化技术,指出区域降水量和降雨历时是影响水循环调蓄湿地体积和循环水利用量的重要因素。对上海崇明水稻田循环调蓄湿地系统进行了设计与构建,循环调蓄湿地运行后共节约灌溉水量6 239.9～9 359.9 m³。     

土地整理中的水稻需水量与灌溉定额 --以湖北省武穴市魏高邑项目区为例

在彭曼法推算水稻需水量的基础上,结合武穴市的气象、地形条件,用“浅、蓄、湿、晒”灌溉技术计算一定设计保证率的水稻灌溉定额.将该法用于武穴市魏高邑项目区土地整理中,有很高的实用价值,计算精度也较高.     

水肥高效利用灌排系统调控面临的问题研究

通过调查我国水肥利用的现状,指出我国农业水利中干旱缺水、非点源污染、水资源利用率低下和灌排系统不配套等问题,提出灌区水肥高效利用需深入研究的热点问题,对探讨水肥高效利用和灌排系统管理理论,指导我国灌排系统精量调控,以最少的水肥投入量获取最佳的灌区产量和经济及生态环境效益,具有重要意义.     

甘肃河西绿洲灌区农田水分动态变化的模拟研究

根据农田土壤水量平衡原理，对甘肃河西绿洲灌区农田水分变化进行动态模拟和分析，模拟结果精度高。由水分指数评价土壤含水量的实际状况，确定了灌水的具体日期，为控制土壤水分，提高水分生产率，实现节水与高效提供了科学依据。表3，参9。     

自动灌溉系统在农业节水工程中的应用

文章首先论述了自动灌溉系统的工作原理和特点,进而论述自动灌溉系统方案的设计,最后论述了对我国农业节水工程中应用自动灌溉系统的展望,以供参考。     

新型光伏微电脑自灌溉系统的研究

新型光伏微电脑自灌溉系统装置主要运用太阳能、传感技术和微电脑控制等先进技术，在不需市电和布埋线的条件下，实现微功耗的水阀开启和关闭，并能自动感应土壤的干湿，根据不同季节、不同植物生长周期的需要进行自动节水灌溉。通过该技术的推广，实现了以太阳能作为动力的自动节水灌溉，既节省了劳力，又克服了定时浇灌的盲目性，具有很好的节能减排效应和生态环境保护效益。     

关于水利工程钢筋混凝土施工技术的探讨

水工混凝土建筑物因所受水荷载及温度变化等条件的不利影响,建成后往往带病运行,运行后又有一个老化过程,因此需要精心地检查、维护和修理才能保证其安全运行。否则,一定期限后就会发生严重事故,许多预防老化病害的措施,在规划设计和施工阶段就应认真考虑并实施。笔者就钢筋混凝土施工中的技术工作进行了探讨。     

应用系统层次分析模糊选择提水灌区规划方案

本文以模糊集理论与系统分析的基本观点为基础，对永靖县黑方台提水灌区进行了重新规划。应用模糊优化原理，对提灌区不同方案进行了综合规划，并对各方案在投资、效益、管理等方面进行最优化排序。最后提出了这个提灌区的最优规划方案。对在实际中解决灌区规划问题和促进农业发展有一定的实用价值。