中国斑腿蝗科线粒体基因的分子系统学研究(英文)

使用线粒体基因COⅠ,COⅡ,Cytb分析并建立中国斑腿蝗科部分种属的系统发育关系,其中对7个新种(Apalacris eminifronta,Caryanda pseudodentata,Caryanda bannaensis,Caryanda ruiliensis,Longchuanacris fui,Longchuanacris xiaoheis-hanensis,Podismodes dabieshanensis)的归属从分子角度也做了讨论。本研究将实验所获得的56条序列与NCBI中所收录的斑腿蝗科序列进行联合分析,采用最大似然法、贝叶斯推论等系统分析方法并综合P距离进行分析,最终得出以下几点结论:①龙川蝗属Longchuanaceis Zheng et Fu划归卵翅蝗亚科Caryandinae;②蹦蝗属Sinopodisma Chang、云秃蝗属Yunnanacris Chang均为华秃蝗属Podismodes Ramme的同物异名;③不支持Storozhenko将豫蝗属Yupodisma Zhang et Xia并入安秃蝗属AnapodismaDovnar-Zapolskii,从本研究所建的系统发育树来看,豫蝗属仍应作为秃蝗亚科Podisminae的一个独立属;④前人利用形态特征鉴定的七个新种与分子系统发育分析结果一致,新种独立有效。     

恩施悬棺人骨mtDNA初步分析

本文以恩施宋代悬棺的骨骼或牙齿样品为对象,经过一系列的处理,获得并扩增了mtDNA的HVSI区的部分序列,通过几个实验初步认定是古DNA.同时通过与部分现代人mtDNA数据的比较参照,对所研究样品单倍群归属进行了初步确定,发现他们主要属于南方类型,但也可能有北方成分.     

Frequency of the mtDNA 9-bp deletion in Chinese ethnic groups

The 9-bp deletion in the COIl/tRNALys intergenic region (region V) of human mitochondrial DNA was screened in 1521 Chinese from 16 ethnic groups and 9 Han geographic groups. The highest frequency was found in populations of Miao (32.4%) and Bouyei (30.8%) from Guizhou Province, whereas no deletion was found in Kazak population in Xinjiang. In the populations of Wa and Lahu from Yunnan Province, Uygur and Mongolian from Xinjiang,the deletion frequency was relatively low ( ≤ 4 % ), while in the remaining 18 groups, the frequency was moderate (6 % ～ 24% ). Except those Hans in Xinjiang, Guizhou and that reported in Taiwan, the deletion frequency in the Han geo graphic groups did not show a substantial difference. However, the deletion frequency in some ethnic groups from the same geographic region or with similar ethnohistory did not show similarity. A general decrease tendency in the deletion frequency was found from south to north and from coastal to inland. The frequency of the 9-bp deletion was approximate ly 17.20% in all Chinese we studied and reported elsewhere. Additionally, 4 individuals were found to carry the tripli cation of 9-bp segment in region V; one individual had X. II type of 9-bp deletion; and no other length polymorphisms were detected in this region in 27 randomly selected individuals with or without the deletion.     

Concordant change in mitochondrial and nuclear genes in a hybrid zone between two frog species (genusBombina)

Summary In contrast to results in other studies, nuclear and mitochondrial genes were found to change concordantly in a transect across the hybrid zone betweenBombina bombina andBombina variegata. mtDNAs of both species are found in populations in the central part of the zone, whereas populations at its margins contain mtDNA corresponding to nuclear genomes.     

衰老与线粒体DNA缺失

简略综述人体衰老过程中出现的线粒体DNA缺失，包括mtDNA与衰老的关系；衰老过程中的mtDNA容易变异的原因；衰老过程中发生的dmtDNA种类和数量改变等内容．     

Genetic diversity among Chinese sika deer （Cerrus nippon） populations and relationships between Chinese and Japanese sika deer

Sika deer （Cervus nippon） is a cervid endemic to mainland and insular Asia and endangered. We analyzed variation in the mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） control region for four subspecies to understand the genetic diversity, population structure and evolutionary history in China. 335 bp were sequenced and eight haplotypes were identified based on 25 variable sites among the populations. Sika deer in China showed lower genetic diversity, sug- gesting a small effective population size due to habitat fragmentation, a low number of founder individuals, or the narrow breeding program. AMOVA analysis indicated that there was significant genetic subdivision among the four populations, but no correlation between the genetic and geographic distance. PhyIogenetic analyses also revealed that Chinese sika deer may be divided into three genetic clades, but the genetic structure among Chinese populations was inconsistent with subspecies designations and present geographic distribution. Including the sequence data of Japanese sika deer, the results indicated that Chinese populations were more closely related to Southern Japanese populations than to the Northern Japanese one, and the Taiwan population was closer to populations of Northeastern China and Sichuan than to those of Southern China.     

新疆扎滚鲁克古代人群的线粒体DNA分析

从15例扎滚鲁克古代人牙齿样本中提取扩增线粒体DNA, 确定其单倍型归属, 并结合相关现代人群进行了系统发育分析和多维尺度分析. 结果表明,扎滚鲁克古代人群与现代中亚人群有较近的母系遗传关系, 是欧亚混合人群. 与以前的新疆古代人群研究相比, 该人群东部欧亚序列的成分明显增多, 这可能与人群所处的地理及历史时代相关.     

线粒体损伤与检测方法研究进展

线粒体是细胞活动的“能源工厂”，在各种致病因素作用下线粒体极易出现各种结构和功能损伤，这在疾病的发展中起着十分重要的影响，文章就线粒体结构和功能损伤及其检测方法作一综述。     

Sequencing and analysis of the complete mitochondrial DNA of Russell's snapper (L.russellii)

The entire mitochondrial DNA sequence (mitogenome) of Russell's snapper (Lutjanus russellii) was determined using long PCR and primer-walking methodology,representing the first complete mitogenome accessioned for Lutjanid fishes (16,505 bp,GenBank Accession No.EF514208).The mitogenome was similar in gene composition and order to those of other vertebrates,having 37 structural genes,i.e.,two ribosomal RNAs,22 transfer RNAs,and 13 protein-coding genes.Phylogenetic analyses based on the mtDNA sequence of Russell's snapper supported a close relationship between Lutjaninae and Caesioninae,consistent with taxonomic hypotheses based on morphology.More studies utilizing mitogenomes are needed to resolve high-level relationships among snappers.     

基于mtDNA COI序列的福建B型烟粉虱田间种群分析

本研究对福建B型烟粉虱10个田间种群的线粒体DNA COI基因(mtDNA COI)进行测序,并通过与NCBI数据库上埃及、湖北、武汉3个B型烟粉虱地理种群的mtDNA COI的序列进行比对分析,结果表明在核苷酸多样性、单倍型数、单倍型多样度上,不同地理种群都不一样,但是福建种群这些遗传特征数据显著高于其它地理种群.结合近年来我省田间烟粉虱种群抗药性水平迅速提高这一结果分析,可以推测,在不同杀虫剂压力选择下,不同抗性基因得以在我省不同地理群体中流动,种群内呈现比较明显的抗性遗传分化趋势,群体遗传多样性也更为丰富,表现出烟粉虱对不利环境较强的适应能力.