The effect of mouse erythrocyte rosette forming lymphocytes on lymphokine production in T-cell cultures

Summary An enhancement effect of mouse erythrocyte rosette forming (MERF) cells on the production of migration inhibitory factor, chemotactic factor for neutrophils and skin reactive factor in T-lymphocyte cultures stimulated with the purified protein derivative of tuberculin was observed. We consider it likely that the MERF cells, possessing the appropriate cell surface constituents to construct an immunogenic moiety, present antigen on their surfaces to elicit lymphokine production.This work was supported by the Scientific Research Council, Ministry of Health, Hungary, Code No. 421030401 1/s     

Effect of the calmodulin inhibitor R24571 (calmidazolium) on rat embryos cultured in vitro

Summary The possible effects of inhibition of the calcium-binding protein, calmodulin, on mammalian morphogenesis have been investigated by culturing rat embryos in vitro from 9 1/2 to 11 1/2 days of development in the presence of R24571 (calmidazolium), a specific inhibitor of calmoldulin. Embryos cultured in 10^–2 mM R24571 for 48 h show inhibited development and exhibit a range of morphogenetic abnormalities including assymetry and neural tube defects. Embryos exposed to R24571 for the first 24 h of a 48 h culture are more severely affected than embryos exposed to R24571 for the last 24 h.Acknowledgments. We wish to thank Mr C. Veltkamp and Mr B. lewis for their expert help with the scanning electron microscopy and photography.     

Copper and zinc dismetabolism in the mouse brain upon chronic cuprizone treatment

Recent reports describe successful treatment using copper chelation therapy in neurodegenerative animal models. However, the success claimed for chelation therapy in neurodegenerative diseases is still rather controversial. To acquire new information on copper metabolism/homeostasis, we utilized cuprizone, a very sensitive and selective copper-chelating agent with well-known neurotoxic properties, as a relevant chemical model in mice. Upon cuprizone treatment, mice developed a pronounced astrocytosis, with brain oedema and spongiosis characterised by vacuolisations of the neuropil predominantly in the white matter. In addition, cuprizone treatment severely altered copper and zinc homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS) as well as in all other tissues examined, with increasing metal ion concentrations particularly in the CNS. Concomitant with this increase in the Cu and Zn concentration in the brain, metallothionein-I and -II were also highly immunoreactive in astrocyte, consistent with the astrocytosis and demyelination observed in our and other laboratories.Received 23 February 2005; received after revision 3 May 2005; accepted 13 May 2005     

Effects of ovariectomy on removal of collagen bundles in the postpartum uterus of the mouse

Ovariectomy before and after parturition did not influence the rate of postpartum involution and did not affect the removal of collagen bundles in the endometrium during the first three postpartum days.     

外源视黄酸对小鼠早期胚胎形态及Otx2基因表达的影响

以全反式视黄酸（ａｌｌｔｒａｎｓ－ｒｅｔｉｎｏｉｃａｃｉｄ，ＲＡ）体外处理ＥＢ（ｅａｒｌｙａｌｌａｎｔｏｉｃｂｕｄ）期和ＬＢ（Ｌａｔｅａｌｌａｎｔｏｉｃａｃｉｄ）期的小鼠胚胎，然后用洋地黄毒苷（ｄｉｇｏｘｉｇｅｎｉｎ）标记的Ｏｔｘ２反意义ＲＮＡ探针对整体胚胎进行原位杂交．０．５×１０－６ｍｏｌ～２×１０－６ｍｏｌ的ＲＡ处理ＥＢ和ＬＢ期胚胎１２ｈ后对其形态学和Ｏｔｘ２表达都没有影响；以４×１０－６ｍｏｌ的ＲＡ处理，抑制或减少了胚胎的前肠形成，经处理的胚胎的头褶没有对照的那样明显向腹面突出，其神经沟也不整齐；以４×１０－６ｍｏｌ的ＲＡ处理ＥＢ期的胚胎，其ＯｔＸ２表达范围剧烈地向前退缩或只有很微弱的表达；但以同样浓度处理ＬＢ期胚胎时，与对照胚胎相比，ＯｔＸ２的表达除了在极少数胚胎中变得弱一些外，在绝大多数胚胎中其表达模式没有变化．     

A pyruvate kinase variant in different mouse transplanted tumors

Summary Mouse transplanted tumors, in contrast to normal tissues, contain a pyruvate kinase (PK) variant sensitive to the inhibitory action of L-cysteine and less sensitive to saturated fatty acids than the normal enzyme. In selected normal and tumor materials two fractions of PK were separated. Fraction A (20–30% (NH₄)₂SO₄ saturation) dominated in normal liver, and fraction B (50–60% (NH₄)₂SO₄ saturation) in skeletal muscles and Ehrlich ascites tumor. Only this fraction B from tumor material was sensitive to L-cysteine, and seems to contain a tumor-specific PK variant which might be considered as a marker of neoplastic transformation in a broad spectrum of mouse experimental tumors.     

小鼠孤雌生殖胚胎干细胞的分离及分化潜能研究

用免疫外科法从小鼠孤雌生殖胚胎分离胚胎干细胞,并研究了其在体内、体外的分化潜能．结果发现:从小鼠孤雌生殖的胚胎中可分离出胚胎干细胞(pES),可以传代培养25代,能表达很强的碱性磷酸酶,核型稳定呈40XX．培养至第18代的pES在体内可诱导肿瘤形成,并可分化为三个胚层的组织细胞．免疫组化结果显示:神经细胞特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、肌肉特异性肌动蛋白?-actin均呈阳性,表明分离培养的pES在体内可至少分化为来自外胚层和中胚层的组织细胞．传至第20～24代的pES细胞,经体外定向诱导分化,可定向分化为节律性收缩的心肌细胞及神经细胞．免疫组化检测显示节律性收缩的心肌细胞表达?-actin,而神经细胞表达NSE．结果表明:利用免疫外科法可从孤雌生殖的小鼠胚胎建立pES,这些pES在体内、体外都具有分化为多种类型细胞的潜能．     

应用人脸姿态估计实现人机信息交互

针对残疾人士不用手实现计算机操作的问题,提出了一种通过面部姿态的视觉分析手段控制鼠标操作的新方法。首先,由CCD摄像头获得人脸视频图像,采用Haar特征和基于AdaBoost算法的目标检测手段确定人脸区域,再通过图像分析手段提取2个眼角、2个嘴角和鼻尖共5个特征点;然后,以一幅正面图像的特征点位置为参考,对实时图像中人脸的空间姿态进行估计;最后,根据人脸的3个偏转角定义并生成人机交互信息,用于计算机人机界面中鼠标位置的移动和操作控制。实验表明,在良好的光照条件下,该方法可以快速准确完成人脸姿态估计并获得鼠标控制信息,帮助伤残人士实现人机信息交互。     

高能要素膳食对荷人乳腺癌裸鼠营养支持的观察

目的研究高能要素膳对裸鼠肿瘤生长的作用和给予抗癌药物后的营养支持.方法将40只BALB/C裸鼠右腋下荷人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞,随机分成4组:对照组,要素膳组(ED),化疗组(Cye)和要素膳加化疗组.给药15 d后处死.结果 ED组动物的体质量明显高于其余各组,Cye组的体质量最低.与对照组相比,ED组的抑瘤率22.90%,Cye组为52.34%,ED加Cye组为40.65%.对照组的瘤体比为5.77,ED组仅为4.19,两组之间的差异有显著性(P《0.05).要素膳还具有升高荷瘤小鼠血清总蛋白和白蛋白的作用.结论要素膳可改善荷瘤小鼠的一般营养状况,可减轻抗癌药物对机体的毒副作用,并可能有一定的抑瘤作用.     

小白鼠部分器官中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）分布特异性的探讨

本文证实了乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）在小白鼠部分器官中的分布特异性.指出了乳酸脱氢酶五种同工酶在小白鼠的心肌、骨骼肌、肾脏、脑和肝脏中均存在，并且在心肌、脑和肾脏中LDH-1（H4）占优势;而在骨骼肌和肝脏中以LDH-5（M4）占优势;分别与各自的生理功能相适应.