铜包石墨粉体的制备及表征

为简化铜包石墨粉体的制备工艺,提高镀铜质量,选用固定碳质量分数大于99％的天然石墨粉作为原料,在镀液组成确定的前提下,采用自行设计的电镀装置进行超声电镀,制备铜包石墨复合粉体.利用SEM对粉体的微观形貌进行表征.结果表明,超声施镀60 min,能较好地解决石墨颗粒的团聚问题,改善镀铜效果;铜呈细小颗粒状聚集附着在石墨的表面,包覆效果良好.该研究为铜包石墨粉体制备提供了新方法.     

碛口古镇聚落与民居形态初探

从历史发展状况、选址、群体布局、建筑风格和装饰艺术等方面介绍了碛口古镇建筑的特点,并分析了碛口古镇作为商业中转集镇的独特之处。碛口古镇兴起于明末清初,鼎盛于清康乾时期,是当时著名的商贸中心、水陆运输中转中心。在选址与布局方面,碛口古镇具备3方面的特征:1.镇子的走向,使其形成了商业流通的序列;2.镇子的位置,使其获得了充足的日照和良好的景观;3.村落的布置、院落组织与山形互相呼应,形成较好的街道排水条件。碛口古镇民居形态特征鲜明,为砖窑与木构相结合。砖木结构的窑洞建筑的表现形式主要是在砖窑外侧加上木构架檐廊,或者在砖窑的顶部加建木构架的房屋。建筑形式多以砖拱顶(窑洞)明柱厦檐四合院为主。     

原位聚合-热膨胀制备聚苯胺/膨胀石墨复合物及导电性能研究

以-100目(孔径0.254 mm)低温可膨胀石墨为石墨固体膨胀剂,采用原位聚合-热膨胀技术制备了聚苯胺/膨胀石墨复合物,并对聚苯胺/膨胀石墨复合物进行了形貌和结构表征.同时,对聚苯胺/膨胀石墨复合物的导电性能进行了研究.结果显示,聚苯胺/膨胀石墨复合物颗粒具有蠕虫状形貌和聚苯胺包覆在膨胀石墨上的结构,其膨胀体积为10.0 mL/g;实验结果表明,反应时间和反应温度对聚苯胺/膨胀石墨复合物的导电率有影响.     

基于数学形态学的图像处理方法

从图像的描述方法出发，在二值形态变换的基础上，通过引入图像的阀集合和本影，导出了多值形态学基本形态变换建立的方法．并揭示了二值形态学与多值形态学在结构算法上的相互联系．在图像处理的形态学方法上，提出了基于形态变换的图像边缘提取、多种形态梯度、形态骨架表示方法，以及具有去噪和形态平滑功能的开、闭形态变换在图像分析中的应用．     

铁兰属5种植物花粉微形态的扫描电镜观察

在扫描电子显微镜下观察了5种铁兰属植物花粉的微形态,结果表明：铁兰属植物花粉的微形态具有一定的共性,即都具有1个萌发沟,花粉外壁都具网纹纹饰,说明铁兰属植物是自然类群中较进化的类群。根据花粉形状的不同,推测松萝铁兰(Tillandsia usneoides)可能是铁兰属中较原始的种。铁兰属不同种在花粉大小、网孔形状、网孔间距等情况有较大的差异,这些花粉表面微观形态的差异可为种的分类提供依据。     

复杂地形下甘肃舟曲江顶崖滑坡自动提取方法

为精确获取甘肃省舟曲县南峪乡江顶崖在复杂地形下的滑坡区域分布,利用数字正射影像和数字高程模型准确获取滑坡区域,分析滑坡信息。在基于影像监督分类的基础上,叠加一定的影响因子约束分析进一步筛选滑坡区,利用数学形态学中的腐蚀、膨胀、开运算三种运算方式处理图像实现对滑坡区域自动识别提取。实验结果说明通过与数字正射影像叠加解译和在精度评价中生产者精度为81.25%,用户精度为92.85%验证能够较好地避免因复杂地形中丰富地物类型所带来的干扰,实现对复杂地形下舟曲县南峪乡江顶崖滑坡的自动识别提取,结果表明三种方法的结合可以为识别提取复杂地形下的滑坡区域提供借鉴。     

New species of Hygiella Mesnil (Diptera: Tachinidae), parasitoids of leaf insects (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae)

The Oriental genus Hygiella Mesnil is revised: three species are described as new, Hygiella angustifrons sp. nov., Hygiella luteipes sp. nov. and Hygiella proclinata sp. nov., and two known species are re-described, Hygiella nigripes Mesnil and Hygiella pygidialis Mesnil. A key to these five species is provided. The host of H. proclinata, Phyllium siccifolium (Linnaeus) (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae), is recorded for the first time as a host of the Tachinidae. The systematic position of Hygiella is discussed and the genus is placed in the tribe Acemyini (Exoristinae) based on the structure of the male terminalia.     

Phylogenetic relationships of millipedes in the subclass Penicillata (Diplopoda) with a key to the genera

Bristly millipedes (subclass Penicillata, order Polyxenida) are minute diplopods characterised by uncalcified cuticle and a body covered with unique tufts of bristles. The order is found worldwide and comprises less than 200 described species divided into three families, with many of the species and genera being poorly known. The first evolutionary analysis of the order presented here utilises both molecular (COI, 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA) and morphological data to examine monophyly of the families and subfamilies and the evolutionary relationships between them. Maximum likelihood analysis was based on molecular data only, whereas parsimony analyses were based on molecular data as well as combined morphological and molecular data. The results of these analyses with two different optimality criteria were incongruent in many aspects. Unlike parsimony, the likelihood result found strong support for a basal position of the family Synxenidae and separation of the order into two monophyletic clades corresponding to the two superfamilies Synxenoidea, containing the family Synxenidae, and Polyxenoidea, containing the families Polyxenidae and Lophoproctidae. Parsimony results did not support the existence of the two superfamilies. Both analyses resolved the family Synxenidae as monophyletic and Polyxenidae as polyphyletic, whereas the family Lophoproctidae was shown to be paraphyletic in likelihood and monophyletic in parsimony analysis. The subfamilies Monographinae and Polyxeninae were found to be monophyletic in the likelihood tree but parsimony suggested paraphyly of both. The results suggest that further revision of the systematics of the Polyxenida may be necessary. However, a much larger molecular data set will be necessary to clarify and provide stronger nodal support for phylogenetic trees and to confirm the relationships, particularly of the families Polyxenidae and Lophoproctidae. Molecular identification is likely to be an important tool for this taxonomically challenging order in future. A simplified key to the genera is provided.