一种新的H—CgCr肤色模型的肤色检测方法

提出一种新的H—CgCr肤色模型进行肤色检测，该模型充分利用色调和色度信息区分肤色像素和非肤色像素．并利用形态学操作去除检测出皮肤区域中毛刺、空洞等噪声．实验结果表明该方法在复杂光照条件下能有效检测出肤色区域．     

弓斑东方仔稚鱼形态特征的观察

描述了弓斑东方仔稚鱼前期、仔鱼期和稚鱼期各发育阶段的形态特征．初孵仔鱼全长３．１２～３．３８ｍｍ．９～１０ｄ卵黄囊被吸收而消失．１５ｄ后稚鱼的器官分化完善．２４～２６ｄ稚鱼的外部形态与成体相似，全长达１０．６０～１３．５０ｍｍ．以上观察为弓斑东方的人工育苗和规模化生产提供了必要的生物学资料．     

An investigation of predator‐induced defence responses in ciliated protozoa

Predator‐induced defence responses have been reported in 15 species of ciliates representing three subclasses: Hypotrichia, Stichotrichia and Hymenostomia. However, the discovery of this phenomenon in such distantly related groups suggests that it could be more widespread within the Ciliophora. In laboratory experiments, we tested 23 potential prey species with a range of potential predators including other ciliates (12 spp.), amoebae (two spp.), rotifers (two spp.), a turbellarian worm (Stenostomum sphagnetorum), and an oligochaete worm (Chaetogaster sp.). In each experiment, one predator species was incubated for 24?h with one potential prey species and the latter was examined for evidence of a defence response. One new example of predator‐induced morphological change was recorded (Euplotes viridis) and detailed observations were made for one poorly known example (E. eurystomus). Both species significantly increased their width (by about 35% and 23%, respectively) in the presence of the turbellarian worm S. sphagnetorum. An induced life cycle change was recorded for the first time among hypotrichs with E. muscorum exhibiting significantly increased rates of encystation in the presence of the ciliate predators Dileptus anser and Spathidium sp. Finally, Euplotes patella, Euplotes sp. and Stylonychia pustulata, which are usually regarded as omnivorous rather than predatory ciliates, all induced morphological change in Colpidium kleini, the C. kleini cells becoming significantly shorter and wider. No examples of induced defence response were found among groups other than hypotrichs and hymenostomes.     

Physical location of terminal markers belonging to five linkage groups in maize RFLP map using in situ hybridization

Ten terminal or subterminal RFLP markers belonging to linkage groups 1, 3, 5, 6, and 10 in maize RFLP map were physically locted onto maize mitotic chromosomes with in situ hybridization. All biotinylated probes from 600 to 2 250 bp were detected by DAB staining. The markers belonging to linkage groups 1, 3, 5, 6, and 10 correspondingly located at the chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, and 10. All of the tested markers except bnl6.25 and umc44 were duplicated sequences. Each of them was also labeled on another chromosome besides on the chromosome corresponding to its linkage group. The marker bnl3. 04 was triplicated sequences and the signals were detected on three nonhomologous chromosomes. In the tested ten markers, there were only four located at the ends of corresponding chromosomes. Others were located at sites midway along the chromosome arms or near the centromeres. The region covered by two terminal or subterminal markers in each of linkage groups 1, 3, 5, and 6 occupied 80.02%, 38.25%, 82.30% and 51.16% of the region of both short and long arms in chromosomes 1, 3, 5, and 6 respectively. Only two terminal markers of linkage group 10 covered the whole chromosome 10. In some linkage groups, two terminal or subterminal markers covered a short genetic distance but were physically distant, while two covering a longer genetic distance were physically closer. Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Doctorate Vesting Point Foundation of the Education Committec of the People's Republic of China Mao Ninghui: born in 1986, used to be an MS student of Wuhan University in 1992–1995 and now is working in Fudan University, Shanghai 200433     

我国(竹卋)蛛属两种新记录(蜘蛛目——猫蛛科)

本文记述采自我国四川、云南两省的(竹卋)蛛属的两种猫蛛,在国内属初次发现。     

崖柏球花和球果形态特征的补充描述

崖柏(Thuja sutchuenensis Franch.)是我国特有植物,为濒危物种,在1998年世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)濒危物种红色名录中曾被确认为野外绝灭.已有文献中缺少对崖柏雌球花形态的描述,对雄球花小孢子叶数目和形态、每小孢子叶具小孢子囊数、球果种鳞数、可育种鳞位置、种子特征的描述也不够全面.本文根据野外居群的观察和标本研究对上述形态特征进行了补充描述,同时,对不同发育阶段雄球花形态和种子败育特征进行了观察.     

基于形态学和提升小波的心电信号去噪方法研究

心电信号是一种典型的微弱信号,含有大量噪声,还具有强烈的非线性和非平稳性.针对传统小波计算量大,很难同时将心电信号中高频和低频噪声去除的问题,提出一种结合形态学与提升小波阈值去噪的算法,通过形态学滤波器去除信号的低频噪声,提升小波阈值去噪法去除信号中的高频噪声.经过对MIT-BIH心律失常数据库中的心电信号进行仿真,结果表明,结合形态学算法与提升小波去噪算法的去噪方法,能同时有效去除信号中的低频和高频噪声,提高了心电信号的质量.     

多尺度形态梯度和标记分水岭的时频谱图分割

时频谱图干扰强,目标之间、目标与干扰之间有重叠,其分割是重要而困难的问题.提出一种基于图像熵定义的时频谱图多尺度形态梯度图像融合方法,将该方法与标记分水岭分割结合形成一种基于多尺度形态梯度和标记分水岭的时频谱图分割方法.实验结果表明,与基于单尺度形态梯度和标记分水岭的分割方法相比,新方法实用性更强;与Otsu法相比,新方法分割更准确.     

基于MSPA的南京市绿色基础设施网络构建

【目的】针对城市建设空间快速扩张、绿色空间破碎化且逐渐丧失问题,探寻优化城市绿色基础设施体系的有效方法,为市域尺度绿色基础设施体系构建提供科学的依据。【方法】以南京市为研究对象,运用形态学空间格局分析(MSPA)法,以土地利用类型图为基础,识别南京市现有绿色空间中核心区、边缘、孤岛、桥接、环、穿孔、分支等7类重要景观类别。通过斑块面积计算和连通性指数评价,发掘具有生态潜力的绿色基础设施网络中心,并计算最小成本路径生成潜力廊道,结合现有核心区、潜力节点、现有廊道、潜在廊道构建未来南京市绿色基础设施网络体系。【结果】通过MSPA法,识别出南京市绿色基础设施核心面积为538.16 km²,占研究区域总面积的37.57%,其中综合筛选出一级网络中心16个,二级网络中心24个。基于阻力模型构建生态廊道73条,其在长江以南地区分布较密,重要性等级较高,长江以北区域生态廊道数量较少,重要性等级有待提升。【结论】MSPA法具有数据量少、便于可视化等特点,能够为市域尺度绿色基础设施构建提供生态特征较为精确的景观要素识别结果,有效增强绿色基础设施的系统性和结构性。根据南京市绿色基础设施网络构建结果,建议加强南京市域长江以北网络中心和廊道的建设,提高长江以南网络中心和廊道质量,从而提升全市域的生态功能。     

不同供氮水平的核桃幼苗生长及叶绿素荧光特性

【目的】探讨核桃对缺氮胁迫的适应性及其机制。【方法】以核桃幼苗为研究对象,设置不同程度的缺氮处理:对照(CK)、中度缺氮(MN)和重度缺氮(SN),分析缺氮胁迫对核桃幼苗外部形态特征、生长情况及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。【结果】缺氮会使核桃幼苗失绿黄化,长势下降,地上部分和地下部分生物量、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量均显著低于对照,且总体随着缺氮程度加深和时间延长显著下降,尤其是处理后期(60~75 d)表现更明显;MN和SN处理下,核桃幼苗的光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)和光条件下PSⅡ天线转化效率(F_v'/F_m' )在前期(0~30 d)和后期(60~75 d)受影响较大,实际光化学效率(Φ_PSII)、电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)随胁迫程度加深明显下降,反之非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)随胁迫程度加深而上升,且同样在处理后期(60~75 d)受影响较大;地上部分生物量与地下部分生物量、叶面积、根表面积、叶绿素a含量、F_v/F_m和ETR呈显著正相关,叶绿素a含量与叶面积、叶片厚度、F_v/F_m 和F_v'/F_m' 显著正相关。【结论】缺氮会抑制核桃幼苗对氮素的吸收和同化,阻碍根系生长,影响核桃幼苗对营养物质的吸收利用,导致植株矮小瘦弱、叶片变小、叶色变淡。在缺氮胁迫下,核桃光合色素含量下降也会造成叶绿体吸收光照的能力减弱,降低光合电子传递速率及对光能的利用效率,进而限制光合速率,影响植株生长。