结构可靠度计算方法述评

较全面地介绍了国内外建筑和水利领域中现有可靠度的计算方法 ,并对各种方法的适用性作了说明 .在此基础上 ,着重对四种常用的可靠度计算方法进行了分析比较 ,并给了算例验算 .指出了目前结构可靠度计算方法的研究热点和今后此学科的研究方向 .     

考虑模糊信息时的机械可靠性设计及应用研究

通过将模糊可靠性设计转化为常规可靠性设计,给出了随机应力和模糊强度时用随机模拟方法模拟失效概率所需的基本公式,并研究了该方法在机械设计中的应用.     

土的破坏准则——考虑中主应力的影响

本文就土的破坏准则及其试验研究工作做了一般性讨论.作者根据土的破坏决定于形变能的概念提出了一个破坏准则.在轴对称情况下,它与摩尔—库伦准则是一致的,对于σ_1>σ_2>σ_3的应力状态,强度指标较摩尔—库伦为大,当σ_2=1/2(σ_1+σ_3)时有最大值,sinφ将增大15.5%.     

钢筋砼构件抗裂失效不定性及其可靠度模糊概率分析

本文利用概率论和模糊数学．分析影响结构构件抗裂失效的不定性因素．将构件抗裂失效认为是一复杂模糊随机事件．并提出了相应的可靠度模糊概率分析模型．最后本文结合算例介绍了用此模型计算抗裂失效概率Ｐ或可靠指标β的具体方法和步骤，其结果满足工程设计要求．     

Rough sets bankruptcy prediction models versus auditor signalling rates

Both international and US auditing standards require auditors to evaluate the risk of bankruptcy when planning an audit and to modify their audit report if the bankruptcy risk remains high at the conclusion of the audit. Bankruptcy prediction is a problematic issue for auditors as the development of a cause–effect relationship between attributes that may cause or be related to bankruptcy and the actual occurrence of bankruptcy is difficult. Recent research indicates that auditors only signal bankruptcy in about 50% of the cases where companies subsequently declare bankruptcy. Rough sets theory is a new approach for dealing with the problem of apparent indiscernibility between objects in a set that has had a reported bankruptcy prediction accuracy ranging from 76% to 88% in two recent studies. These accuracy levels appear to be superior to auditor signalling rates, however, the two prior rough sets studies made no direct comparisons to auditor signalling rates and either employed small sample sizes or non‐current data. This study advances research in this area by comparing rough set prediction capability with actual auditor signalling rates for a large sample of United States companies from the 1991 to 1997 time period. Prior bankruptcy prediction research was carefully reviewed to identify 11 possible predictive factors which had both significant theoretical support and were present in multiple studies. These factors were expressed as variables and data for 11 variables was then obtained for 146 bankrupt United States public companies during the years 1991–1997. This sample was then matched in terms of size and industry to 145 non‐bankrupt companies from the same time period. The overall sample of 291 companies was divided into development and validation subsamples. Rough sets theory was then used to develop two different bankruptcy prediction models, each containing four variables from the 11 possible predictive variables. The rough sets theory based models achieved 61% and 68% classification accuracy on the validation sample using a progressive classification procedure involving three classification strategies. By comparison, auditors directly signalled going concern problems via opinion modifications for only 54% of the bankrupt companies. However, the auditor signalling rate for bankrupt companies increased to 66% when other opinion modifications related to going concern issues were included. In contrast with prior rough sets theory research which suggested that rough sets theory offered significant bankruptcy predictive improvements for auditors, the rough sets models developed in this research did not provide any significant comparative advantage with regard to prediction accuracy over the actual auditors' methodologies. The current research results should be fairly robust since this rough sets theory based research employed (1) a comparison of the rough sets model results to actual auditor decisions for the same companies, (2) recent data, (3) a relatively large sample size, (4) real world bankruptcy/non‐bankruptcy frequencies to develop the variable classifications, and (5) a wide range of industries and company sizes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

某发电厂工程黄土高边坡稳定性评价

介绍了某发电厂工程黄土高边坡的地质条件,并对其现有状态的稳定性进行了评价分析。在此基础上对可能的处治方案进行了探讨和比选,总结出安全、可靠、经济合理的治理措施。     

高温高压汽缸连接螺栓松驰损伤失效机理研究

为确保火电厂高温高压状态下的汽缸结合面不漏气,必须对连接螺栓松驰失效进行分析。提出了火电厂高温高压汽缸连接螺栓应力松驰、蠕变损伤及其二者交互作用的特征和机理,以及松驰后的剩余弹性应力不应低于最小密封应力和应控制塑性变形量即不过大也不过早产生。     

考虑变形影响的钢筋混凝土圆柱受剪承载力计算模型

准确计算钢筋混凝土(RC)圆柱的受剪承载力是进行延性抗震设计的关键,可有效防止脆性剪切和弯剪破坏模式发生。基于已有的RC圆柱拟静力试验结果,分析了RC圆柱的地震破坏模式和受剪承载力确定方法,在理论分析的基础上提出了考虑变形(位移延性)影响的RC圆柱受剪承载力计算模型,并与现有模型进行了比较。研究结果表明,地震作用下RC圆柱的受剪承载力随塑性铰区变形的增加而减小;弯剪破坏模式下,RC圆柱的受剪承载力取决于塑性铰区剪切破坏发生时对应的水平荷载而非骨架曲线上的峰值荷载;所提出的模型能有效反映变形对RC圆柱受剪承载力的影响,计算结果与试验数据吻合较好,可用于不同地震破坏模式RC圆柱受剪承载力计算。     

Adaptive failure compensation for uncertain systems with multiple inputs

The aim of this paper is to develop controllers for uncertain systems in the presence of stuck type actuator failures. A new scheme is proposed to design output feedback controllers for a class of uncertain systems having redundant control inputs, with which the relative degrees of transfer functions are different. To deal with these inputs using backstepping technique, a pre-filter is introduced before each actuator such that its output is the input to the actuator. The orders of the pre-filters are chosen properly to ensure all their inputs can be designed at the same step in the systematic design. To compensate for the effects of possible failed actuators, more uncertain parameters than system parameters are required to be identified. With the proposed scheme, the global boundedness of the closed-loop system can still be ensured and the system output can be regulated to a specific value when some of the actuators' outputs are stuck at unknown fixed values.