计算浅水环流的波方程模式

对计算浅水环流的波方程模式进行了研究，指出了波方程模式的解在什么条件下满足质量守恒；并证明了空间离散误差不会影响该模式对非物理短波干扰的衰减，所以波方程模式具有较好的抑制短波振荡的特性。     

Uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and environmental changes

Major progress, problems, and challenges of recent investigation of the Tibetan Plateau uplift processes and resulting environmental changes are reviewed and summarized briefly, which especially covers the National Tibetan Research Projects of the Chinese Eighth (1992-1996) and Ninth (1997-2001) "Five-Year Projects". The Tibetan Plateau uplift is a complicated multiple cyclic process. The Gangdise and Himalayas began to uplift in the Middle Eocene and Early Miocene respectively, while the main part of the Plateau merely underwent corresponding passive deformation and secular denudation, resulting in two planation surfaces. The third and also the strongest uplift involved the whole Plateau and its marginal mountains commenced at 3.6 Ma. Successive Kunlun-Huanghe movement at 1.1-0.6 Ma and Gonghe movement at 0.15 Ma raised the Plateau to its present height. The Asian monsoonal system and Asian natural environment formed in response to these tectonic uplifts.     

Relationship between the zonal displacement of the western Pacific subtropical high and the dominant modes of low-tropospheric circulation in summer

The zonal displacement of the western Pacific subtropical high remarkably influences the climate anomalies in China. In this paper, a new zonal index of the subtropical high is defined by modifying previous indices, and is used to investigate the relationship between the zonal displacement of the subtropical high and the dominant modes of 850-hPa circulations. It is found that the zonal displacement of the subtropical high is significantly correlated with the first two leading modes of circulations. In particular, the correlation coefficient between the index and the time series associated with the second mode is as high as 0.78 in 1958-2003 （46 years）. Since the second mode is not associated with significant anomalies of sea surface temperatures, the above results imply the difficulty in seasonal forecasting of the zonal displacement of the subtropical high. In addition, the interannual variability in the zonal displacement of the subtropical high has been considerably enhanced since 1978, due to the effects of both dominant modes, especially the second mode. This is likely to account for the frequent occurrence of anomalous climate in China during the recent two decades.     

Relationship between the zonal displacement of the western Pacific subtropical high and the dominant modes of low-tropospheric circulation in summer

The zonal displacement of the western Pacific subtropical high remarkably influences the climate anomalies in China. In this paper, a new zonal index of the subtropical high is defined by modifying previous indices, and is used to investigate the relationship between the zonal displacement of the subtropical high and the dominant modes of 850-hPa circulations. It is found that the zonal displacement of the subtropical high is significantly correlated with the first two leading modes of circulations. In particular, the correlation coefficient between the index and the time series associated with the second mode is as high as 0.78 in 1958-2003 (46 years). Since the second mode is not associated with significant anomalies of sea surface temperatures, the above results imply the difficulty in seasonal forecasting of the zonal displacement for the subtropical high. In addition, the interannual variability in the zonal displacement of the subtropical high is considerably enhanced since 1978, due to the effects of both dominant modes, especially the second mode. This is likely to account for the frequent occurrence of anomalous climate in China during the recent two decades.     

贵州黑洞内一个食物链层次上的物质循环和能量流通探讨

从食物链层次上对贵州黑洞内生态系统中的物质循环和能量流通进行了探讨,该洞内的典型食物链是土壤(有机质和无机物)→马陆和斑灶马→蜘蛛类→红点齿蟾,由于喀斯特洞穴内仅有少量低等植物分布而食物贫乏,故食物链的最初营养级不是生产者(植物)而是土壤,在该洞内各条食物链的顶级营养级均是红点齿蟾。物质从初级营养级逐级传递到顶级营养级是逐级减少,最后又返回到土壤中,形成封闭式的循环。在物质循环的过程中伴随着能量流通,能量的流通也是逐级减少,但是开放式的循环。物质循环和能量流通的金字塔型不明显是因为顶级营养级的红点齿蟾不仅取食第3营养级的蜘蛛类还取食第2营养级的马陆和斑灶马。     

高校图书馆图书开架流通中存在的问题及对策

对高校图书馆图书开架流通过程中容易出现的图书乱架、图书被窃、图书破损等问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的解决办法。     

贯通式气动潜孔锤反循环连续取样钻头的改进与优化

针对栾川钼矿复杂地层勘探中所遇到的反循环形成难和形成不彻底的状况,提出了贯通式反循环取样钻头的改进方案,并且进行了现场试验。试验表明,改进后的钻头具有反循环效率高,钻进速度快,岩矿心采取率达99%以上的特点。     

Dynamic control on grain-size distribution of terrigenous sediments in the western South China Sea: Implication for East Asian monsoon evolution

High-resolution oxygen isotope stratigraphy of Core MD05-2901, which is located off eastern Vietnam in the western South China Sea （SCS）, was established and indicated that the core spans a time period of the past 450 ka. Based on the bulk density, fractional porosity and lithogenic content of the sediments, terrigenous mass accumulation rate （TMAR） was obtained, which is 4.9-6.0 g cm^-2 ka^-1 on average during interglacial stages, higher than that during glacial stages, i.e. 1.9-5.0 g cm^-2 ka^-1, which is different from northern and southern SCS which show higher TMAR in glacial stages. By principle component analysis of grain size distribution of all the samples, two main control factors （F1 and F2） were obtained, which are responsible for about 80% variance of granularity. The contents of grain size population 1.26-2.66 μm% and 10.8-14.3 μm% which are sensible to F1 show high-frequency fluctuation, and correlate well with the summer insolation at 15^o N. They exhibit a distinct cyclicity with frequencies near 23 ka and 13 ka, in contrast to a strong frequency peak near 100 ka obtained in proxies 4.24-7.42 μm% and 30.1-43.7 μm% controlled mainly by F2. The sedimentary character of this part of the SCS was controlled by variations of input flux from two main source areas, namely the southwest and north SCS, which were transported by different circulations of surface current forced by East Asian summer monsoon and winter monsoon respectively. We believe that the East Asian summer monsoon has fluctuated with high frequency and been forced by changes in solar insolation in low latitude associated with precession and half precession, while ice-volume forcing is probably a primary factor in determining the strength and timing of the East Asian winter monsoon but with less important insolation forcing.     

长江口外近岸环流对厄尔尼诺事件的响应

建立了东中国海环流大模型,在此基础上建立包含长江口、杭州湾及邻近海域在内的区域环流模型,较准确地刻画东中国海外海流系和沿岸流系,以及长江口外精细的流系结构。选择典型厄尔尼诺年,模拟长江口外近岸环流的异常变化,探讨长江口外近岸环流与厄尔尼诺事件的响应关系。研究表明:长江口外近岸环流与厄尔尼诺事件存在强烈的响应关系,冬季厄尔尼诺现象发生时长江口及邻近海域的环流明显减弱;台湾暖流受厄尔尼诺事件影响程度显著,流速减小、流幅变窄,台湾暖流对长江口外近岸环流的影响也因此减弱。     

热带和副热带大气准双周振荡特征对西北太平洋台风路径的影响

根据美国联合台风预警中心热带气旋的数据(1979—2010年)以及NCEP/NCAR再分析风场和高度场的资料,从气候学角度分析了近32年夏季西北太平洋3类路径台风的大气准双周振荡的特征,并合成分析了6~10月3类路径台风生成时刻的原始环流、低频环流以及QBWO周期内低频环流的演变过程,结果表明:对流层低层至中层的大气存在明显的10~20 d准双周振荡特征,这对西北太平洋台风路径的预报有很好的指示作用;低频环流的演变特征表明,在西北太平洋地区,QBWO是通过低频气旋和低频反气旋来影响南海的季风槽以及副热带高压的强度和位置,进而对台风的生成位置和移动路径产生影响;菲律宾以东低纬度地区生成的低频气旋易于台风的生成,低频气旋的正涡度带走向和移动趋势预示着台风未来的移动方向;另外,在副热带地区同样存在着一支自西向东传播的大气准双周振荡波列,热带与副热带大气准双周振荡的相互作用对台风的路径产生了重要影响,这对台风路径的预报有较好的参考意义.