基于计算流体动力学CFD技术的局部反循环打捞工具数值模拟及结构优化

针对现有局部反循环打捞工具存在打捞对象单一、反循环能量不足、碎屑采集率低等问题,提出了一种集收集和打捞于一体的新型局部反循环打捞工具,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)对该型工具作业时的流场进行模拟,揭示该型工具形成反循环的机理。在此基础上,开展该型工具结构优化数值模拟研究。结果表明:该型局部反循环打捞工具利用喷嘴形成的高压水射流的卷吸作用形成反循环系统,适当增加喷嘴数量能够提升该型工具的性能;局部反循环打捞工具性能随着喷嘴直径增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,继续增大喷嘴直径将导致无法形成有效反循环系统;改变喷嘴的几何形状会影响局部反循环打捞工具性能,采用圆锥形喷嘴的局部反循环打捞工具性能最强,但是所需排量较大。研究结果可为局部反循环打捞工具的优化设计提供参考,为局部反循环打捞工具现场作业提供理论指导。     

大斜度井管内循环砾石充填过程可视化数值模拟

大斜度井管内循环砾石充填实质是复杂条件下的固液两相流动及砂床运移过程,存在携砂液向地层的滤失以及冲筛环空与井筒环空之间的流体质量交换。分别建立井筒环空固液两相流和冲筛环空单相流动系统的的砾石、携砂液的质量和动量守恒方程,以及各两个流动系统间的耦合流动方程,得到了倾斜井筒条件下的大斜度井管内砾石循环充填过程的数学模型。模型求解后研制了开发了充填过程模拟器软件,用于可视化模拟大斜度井砾石充填过程。分析了充填过程特征及各项动态参数的变化规律。     

支板对大子午扩张涡轮流动损失的影响

大子午扩张涡轮的端壁流动损失较大,采用前掠宽弦叶型能够大大降低端壁的流动损失,但对支板的气动设计带来了较大难度。通过采用新的支板与导向器位置布局对支板进行设计,对不带支板的前掠宽弦涡轮导向器和带支板的前掠宽弦涡轮导向器进行流动和损失对比分析。探讨了支板对采用前掠宽弦叶型的大子午扩张涡轮导向器流动损失的影响。研究表明:支板的加入只对支板两侧流道产生影响,损失的差异主要集中在支板吸力侧流道的支板吸力面和支板压力侧流道的叶片吸力面区域。且因径向压力梯度,涡系的径向运动剧烈。     

网络时代如何挖掘图书馆流通服务的潜能

分析了网络时代流通服务的现状及其特点,从提高图书流通人员和读者的素质、保证书库的藏书质量、改善内部环境等方面对如何挖掘图书流通服务的潜能进行了探讨。     

新形势下实现农村宅基地流转的思考和建议

从农村宅基地使用权流转的客观现状出发,分析了宅基地使用权流转制度中暴露出的问题,并结合实际提出实现农村宅基地使用权合法流转的若干建议.     

Inverse correlation between ancient winter and summer monsoons in East Asia？

There is a scientific debate on the relationship between ancient winter and summer monsoons in East Asia. Some scholars think that East Asian winter and summer monsoons are anti-correlated, and others think not. For this reason, this study is motivated to assess their linkage from the paleoclimate simulation perspective, through analyzing the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM） and mid-Holocene （MH） climate simulated by CCSM3 model. Compared to the present climate, the Aleutian low is found to be deepened and the East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM） is stronger during the LGM winter. The Pacific high in summer is noticed to be weakened and the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） is weaker at the LGM. During the MH, the Aleutian low and the Asian high in winter are intensified, and the Asian low and the Pacific high in summer are enhanced, indicating that the EAWM and EASM are both stronger than today. Therefore, the EAWM is not always negatively correlated to the EASM. Their relationship may be different at different geological stages. It can be obtained at least from the numerical simulation results that the EAWM and the EASM is negatively correlated during the cooling period, while positively correlated during the warming period.     

Asian-Pacific Oscillation index and variation of East Asian summer monsoon over the past millennium

To study the long-term variation of the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM）, the Asian-Pacific Oscillation index （IAPO）, representing a zonal thermal contrast between Asia and the North Pacific, is reconstructed over the past millennium. During the Little Ice Age （LIA）, the variability of the reconstructed IAPO is closely linked to dry-wet anomalies in eastern China on the centennial scale. This correlation pattern is consistent with the observation during the current period, which suggests that the reconstructed IAPO may generally represent the centennial-scale variation of the EASM and rainfall anomalies over eastern China during the LIA.     

Circulation in the South China Sea in summer of 1998

Based on the CTD and meteorological data obtained by R/VXiangyanghong No. 14 in the South China Sea (SCS) in the summer of 1998, both current velocity and volume transport are calculated by using a modified inverse model. Circulation in the SCS is analyzed by combining the calculated results with ADCP data. The following results are obtained, (i) The most important feature of the circulation in the northeastern SCS is that a branch of the Kuroshio intrudes into the SCS with a small volume transport. It flows anticyclonically through the Bashi Strait and towards the southwest off the Taiwan Island, and it does not intrude into the inner SCS. (ii) The northern SCS is dominated mainly by a cyclonic circulation system with two cold eddies, (iii) The central and southwestern SCSs are mainly occupied by anticyclonic circulation systems, including three anticyclonic and one stronger cyclonic eddies. (iv) In the southeastern SCS, there is a large scope of cyclonic circulation extending in the SW-NE direction, (v) There is a “multi-eddy phenomenon” in the SCS, and a larger eddy contains several small eddies. (vi) There is western intensifying of the currents and eddies in the SCS.     

自然循环静态流量漂移诱发动态流量振荡研究

为探讨两相流及流动稳定性理论及工程问题,通过实验研究描述了自然循环静态流量漂移及静态流量漂移过程中出现的动态流量振荡现象;研究了在自然循环系统中流量发生漂移时系统循环流量,加热段进出口温度的变化规律。结果表明欠热沸腾所引起的流动阻力变化是导致静态流量漂移的主要原因;在发生静态流量漂移时系统循环流量下降,进口温度下降及出口温度上升;随着静态流量漂移的发展,欠热沸腾逐渐强烈,伴随着静态流量漂移系统内同时发生具有密度波及喷泉不稳定特点的动态流量振荡。在对现象描述的基础上,阐述了静态及动态流量不稳定发生的机理。研究结果证明在自然循环中静态流量漂移将会诱发动态流量振荡。     

一种快速判断溢流和井漏的新仪器和新方法

新仪器能在线、连续、精确地测量浆液密度、体积流量、质量流量和累积流量 ,其测量范围和精度分别为 0 .3～ 3.0 g/cm3、0 .3% ,0 .0～ 4 .0 m3/min、0 .3% ,0 .0～ 4 0 0 0 kg/min、0 .3% ,0 .0 0 m3～无穷大 .在新仪器的基础上 ,提出了质量守恒法、密度法和体积法三种判断溢流和井漏的方法 ,其判断的准确性和快速性比现用的体积法有很大提高 .