Normetanephrine and metanephrine oxidized by both types of monoamine oxidase

Summary Both normetanephrine and metanephrine were found to be oxidized by both types of monoamine oxidase in mouse liver mitochondria. Both K_m and V_max values of type B MAO for both substrates were higher than those of type A MAO, which caused the shift of inhibition curves with clorgyline and deprenyl according to the increase in substrate concentration.     

Secondary metabolites of the chemically rich ascoglossanCyerce nigricans

Summary Two new metabolites of an apparent propionate origin have been isolated from the organic extract of the ascoglossan molluscCyerce nigricans. The proposed structures for the new natural products are based on interpretation of their physical and spectral properties. The new compounds isolated lacked the potent ichthyodeterrent properties of the whole animal extract suggesting that other molecules are involved in the defense of this shell-less mollusc.     

Cholinergic, monoaminergic and glutamatergic changes following perinatal asphyxia in the rat

Perinatal asphyxia (PA) is considered to lead to a variety of brain disorders including spasticity, epilepsy, mental retardation, and minimal brain disorder syndromes and may form the basis for psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases later in life. We examined markers for neuronal transmission involved in the pathomechanisms of PA and candidates as mediators for long-term sequelae. We tested tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) representing the monoaminergic system, the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), and the excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1), a neuronal subtype of the glutamate transporter, using immunohistochemistry on brain sections of rats subjected to graded PA. Three months following the asphyxiant insult immunoreactive (IR)-TH was decreased in striatum, hippocampus, thalamus, frontal cortex, and cerebellum; IR-VMAT was increased, and IR-VAChT was decreased in striatum. IR-EAAC1 glutamate transporter was increased in frontal cortex. The cholinergic, monoaminergic, and glutamatergic changes, still observed 3 months after the asphyxiant insult, may reflect their involvement in the pathomechanisms of PA and indicate mechanisms leading to long-term complications of PA. The variable consequences on the individual markers in several brain regions may be explained by specific susceptibility of cholinergic, monoaminergic, and glutamatergic neurons to the asphyxiant insult. Received 16 March 1999; received after revision 20 May 1999; accepted 8 July 1999     

新疆远志内生真菌的分离及其代谢产物分析

采用组织块法从栽培新疆远志(Polygala hybrida DC)的根、茎、叶中分离内生真菌32株.利用化学成分的系统预试验,对部分菌株发酵液中代谢产物进行研究.结果表明:新疆远志内生真菌代谢产物的种类比较多,主要是皂苷、内脂、香豆素、生物碱、蛋白质及糖类物质.采用薄层层析(TLC)和紫外-可见光分光光度法对内生真菌发酵液进行分析,最终发现真菌YZ-31可代谢产生皂苷等成分.经形态学初步鉴定该菌株为交链孢霉属(Alternaria Nees)真菌.     

Progress report on the study of wood-decaying fungi in China

This study addressed three important aims:(1) undermining the previously obtained raw data about wood-decaying fungi(WDF) distribution and continuously investigating permanent plots to address certain scientific questions in ecology,(2) resolving the higher-level phylogeny of WDF with the help of multiple loci,and(3) testing and estimating the medicinal values of species that are closely related to well-known medicinal species.More than 1200 species and 2469 strains of WDF in China were identified from 28908 specimens collected from a series of field investigations.Using these materials,studies in multiple disciplines,such as ecology,taxonomy and phylogeny,and medicine,have been performed.With respect to ecology,the diversity of wood-decaying polypores significantly differed among a boreal forest zone,a temperate and warm temperate forest zone,and a tropical and subtropical forest zone.For instance,from north to south,the number and proportion of brown-rot species and the proportion of species found on fallen trunks were both decreased.The ecological patterns of wood-decaying polypores on gymnosperm and angiosperm trees were also explored by a case study in Northeast China.Although the total species richness was similar between the two tree groups,several other characteristics were significantly different,such as community structure and richness in certain substrates.The taxonomy and phylogeny of wide samples were referred to and their phylogenetic positions were resolved or at least partially established.In particular,phylogenetic knowledge about four genera,Fomitiporia,Ganoderma,Inonotus and Perenniporia,which include medicinal species,was essential for further research to determine the medicinal values of these types of fungi.Among these medicinal species,we mainly focused on Inonotus obliquus for its medicinal purposes.Polyphenols,polysaccharides and lanostane-type triterpenoids,extracted from the sterile conk of this species,could dramatically decrease levels of free radicals,DPPH and hydroxyl radicals,respectively.The metabolic profiles(both production and composition) of cultured I.obliquus mycelia could be altered by co-culture with other medicinal species or by induction of S-nitrosylation and denitrosylation,which may enhance the antioxidant capacity of I.obliquus.     

近十年海洋来源木霉属真菌次生代谢产物研究进展

木霉（Trichoderma spp.）是一类自然界广泛存在于土壤中的真菌类群,属于半知菌门（Deuteromycotina）丝孢目（Moniliales）木霉属（Trichoderma sp.）。海洋中的木霉属真菌因其高盐、高压和缺氧的特殊环境,能够产生更多结构新颖、生物活性独特的次生代谢产物。木霉属真菌的次生代谢产物主要包括聚酮、肽类、萜类以及其他类型,这些化合物具有细胞毒、抗菌、酶抑制等多种生物活性。本文综述近十年来海洋来源木霉属真菌中分离的新次生代谢产物,并对这些新化合物的生物活性进行归纳总结。     

海洋真菌K26号代谢产物的研究

从南海真菌K26号中共分离得到8个化合物,其中硫酸酯胆碱和3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸首次从中国南海海洋真菌中分离得到．它们的结构通过IR,FABMS,NMR及2DNMR得到确定．     

油层法微生物采油代谢产物生成量的理论分析

为研究油层法微生物采油代谢产物提高原油采收率的能力,根据物质守恒定律及储层孔隙结构特征,建立储层中微生物代谢产物含量与微生物可利用物质含量的数学方程,分析微生物驱油机制及微生物代谢产物的化学组成,揭示微生物在储层中生长代谢有利驱油物质的能力。结果表明:利于驱油的代谢产物成分中氧原子数量较多,而储层流体中可供微生物利用以合成驱油物质的氧原子浓度相对较低,限制了含氧原子的生物表面活性剂、生物聚合物、生物气体等的生成;以烃为唯一碳源的微生物采油难以大幅度提高原油采收率;油层中微生物可利用物质的溶解度、消耗速率、流体的注入速度等均制约微生物代谢产物的产量和生成范围。     

短指软珊瑚Sinularia sp.内生真菌Ta31-2代谢产物研究(Ⅱ)

从短指软珊瑚Sinularia sp.内生真菌Ta31-2的代谢产物中分离得到10个化合物,利用波谱技术确定其结构分别为硬脂酸(1)、软脂酸(2)、肉豆蔻酸(3)、癸酸甲酯(4)、麦角甾醇(5)、fusanolide B(6)、丁二酸(7)、curvulalide(8)、modiolide A(9)和neoechinulin A(10)。其中,fusanolide B(6)为首次从海洋真菌中分离得到,curvulalide(8)和neoechinulin A(10)为首次从软珊瑚Sinularia sp.内生真菌中分离得到。