一种适用于柴油机结构温度场计算的缸内传热模型

基于量纲分析式h(Ф,i)=C(Ф)d-0.2 p0.8 w0.8 T-0.8μ-0.47eλ0.67ec0.33p分析了柴油机的缸内三维局部传热情况,其特征参数选取缸内瞬态流动传热参数,并通过Woschni模型计算传热总量,在每个曲轴转角条件下,保证局部传热计算中对全部壁面网格热流求和所得传热总量与Woschni模型的计算值相等,以确定待定系数C(Ф).同时,将改进的缸内传热模型应用于一款单缸水冷自然吸气式四冲程直喷柴油机的缸内传热计算,所得模拟结果与实验结果吻合.     

全玻璃真空管太阳能水蒸气集热系统实验研究

设计了一种使用全真空玻璃集热管、简化CPC(非追踪式复合抛物线聚光板)集热板和金属换热套管组合的中温太阳能水蒸气集热系统.系统由60个集热单元串联而成,每个集热单元包括简化CPC集热板、全真空玻璃集热管和换热套管三部分,在全真空玻璃集热管和换热套管之间填充了一种高导热性能固液混合型导热介质增强其导热性能.研究了系统的集热性能和天气条件、集热单元级数等不同工况对系统集热性能的影响.实验结果表明:该系统能够获得200℃的高温蒸汽,集热效率达到0.332,表现出优异的集热性能,是一种有工业应用前景的太阳能水蒸气集热器,为将该高温太阳能集热器用于更广阔的领域提供了设计基础.     

基于知识转移的图书馆虚拟参考咨询服务研究

阐释了图书馆虚拟参考咨询服务的实质,分析了图书馆虚拟参考咨询实现知识转移的影响因素,探讨了基于知识转移的图书馆虚拟参考咨询服务策略。     

基于传递函数和指端脉搏波的桡动脉脉搏波重建

桡动脉脉搏波的检测方法易受人体运动影响,因此提出了传递函数法通过指端脉搏波来估计桡动脉脉搏波.首先,通过分析窗宽和模型阶次建立指端脉搏波到桡动脉脉搏波的传递函数FIR模型;然后,使用测试数据评估模型对桡动脉脉搏波估计的精度.通过对10个受试者10d的样本数据进行分析处理,发现估计的桡动脉脉搏波与实测的桡动脉脉搏波最佳波形匹配度均在70%至92%范围内.结果表明使用传递函数法可以实现对桡动脉脉搏波的初步估计,该方法的提出为桡动脉脉搏波的检测提供了一种更简便的手段.     

Constructal entransy optimizations for insulation layer of steel rolling reheating furnace wall with convective and radiative boundary conditions

Based on the entransy dissipation extremum principle for thermal insulation process, the constructal optimizations for a plane insulation layer of the steel rolling reheating furnace wall with convective and radiative boundary conditions are carried out by taking the minimization of entransy dissipation rate as optimization objective. The optimal construct of the plane insulation layer is obtained. The results show that for the convective heat transfer boundary condition, the optimal constructs of the insulation layer obtained based on the minimizations of the entransy dissipation rate and heat loss rate are obvi- ously different. Comparing the optimal construct obtained based on the minimization of the entransy dissipation rate with that based on the minimization of the heat loss rate, the entransy dissipation rate is reduced by 5.98 %, which makes the global thermal insulation performance of the insulation layer improve. For the combined convective and radiative heat transfer boundary condition, compared the insulation layer having an increasing thickness with that having constant thickness and a decreasing thickness, the entransy dissipation rates are reduced by 16.59 % and 39.72 %, respectively, and the global thermal insulation performance of the insulation layer is greatly improved.There exits an optimal constant coefficient α2,opt which leads to the minimum dimensionless entransy dissipation rate of the insulation layer. The difference between the optimal constant coefficients α2,opt obtained based on the minimizations of the entransy dissipation rate and the maximum temperature gradient of the insulation layer is small. This makes the corresponding thermal stress obtained based on the minimum dimensionless entransy dissipation rate also be small, and the global thermal insulation performance and thermal safety of the insulation layer are improved simultaneously. The results obtained can provide some guidelines for the optimal designs of the insulation layers.     

Acid condensation and heat transfer characteristics on H-type fin surface with bleeding dimples and longitudinal vortex generators

Acid condensation rate is an important factor denoting the acid corrosion, and the reduction of the acid condensation can significantly relieve the acid corrosive effect on the wall surface and improve the security of the equipments. In this study, the characteristics of both heat transfer and acid condensation of the finned tube in heat exchanger were numerically studied. In the numerical model, we simulated the acid condensation by considering the vapor-liquid equilibrium effect and multi-component diffusion effect. Based on the H-type finned oval tube, we proposed three novel types of fins to both enhance the heat transfer and reduce the acid condensation. The parametric effects of gas temperature, acid vapor concentration, water vapor concentration, and Reynolds number were investi- gated on different fin structures. The results show that the tube bank with the new structured fins can improve the performance on both heat transfer and acid anticondensation.     

轻型钢木混合楼盖水平荷载转移性能

通过水平集中荷载作用下一层两跨的钢木混合结构拟静力试验,研究轻型钢木混合楼盖弹性状态下平面内刚度及其对水平荷载的分配.为了量化楼盖平面内刚度对水平荷载分配的影响,定义了楼盖水平荷载转移能力系数β,探讨了楼盖平面内刚度与竖向抗侧力构件抗侧刚度比值α与β的关系,并根据α及β数值大小定义刚性楼盖.试验结果表明,轻型钢木混合楼盖在仅铺设SPF(云杉-松木-冷杉)规格材面板且竖向抗侧力构件仅为钢框架时,α在0.5~1.0之间,β为64.0%左右,楼盖已能较好地分配水平荷载;铺设水泥砂浆面层后,α增至3.0以上,β增至90.0%左右,结构有很强的空间协同作用,楼盖为刚性楼盖;当竖向钢框架间加上轻型木剪力墙后,α下降至1.0~2.0之间,β下降至78.0%左右,楼盖不再为刚性.     

再生混凝土骨料咬合及剪力传递机理

通过预裂再生混凝土push-off试件的裂缝处剪力传递性能试验,研究了再生混凝土裂缝处骨料咬合及剪力传递性能.结果表明:再生混凝土裂缝处剪力传递性能总体上与普通混凝土较为接近;约束刚度越大,试件的剪力传递强度越高;再生混凝土强度越高,试件的剪力传递强度有一定的提高;相同混凝土强度下,随着再生粗骨料取代率的提高,试件剪力传递强度略有降低.借鉴Walraven的理论,并考虑再生混凝土的细微观结构与再生粗骨料的几何特点,得到了再生混凝土中的骨料咬合模型.试验中各试件的剪力传递强度值与相关理论计算值吻合良好.     

不同产地黄芩中的黄芩苷提取转移率研究

采用同一提取方法对不同产地的黄芩中黄芩苷的提取转移率进行考察,并对结果进行分析,以研究不同产地黄芩药材中黄芩苷提取转移率,完善黄芩药材的质量标准.实验结果显示,不同产地的黄芩药材的有效成分转移率有显著差别,药材转移率是影响药材质量的一个重要参数.建议在黄芩药材质量标准中加入提取转移率这项指标作为药材主要质量指标之一.     

健坤胶囊渗漉提取工艺研究

目的:筛选健坤胶囊渗漉提取工艺条件。方法:以白头翁皂苷B4、盐酸小檗碱、蛇床子素等的转移率为评价指标,采用单因素平行设计及多因素正交设计方法逐级优化健坤胶囊提取工艺。结果:最佳渗漉工艺条件为:30倍量70%乙醇,浸渍24h,流速为0.5mL/min。结论:该提取工艺稳定、重现性好,可作为本品的提取方法。