基于动量因子优化学习率的BP神经网络PID参数整定算法

针对传统BP神经网络学习过程中学习率选取过大导致振荡的问题, 提出一种新的BP神经网络PID(比例-积分-微分)参数自适应整定算法. 采用BP神经网络对PID参数进行自适应调节和优化, 并利用动量因子优化学习率和增加动量项抑制BP神经网络训练中出现的振荡现象, 以加快收敛速度. 实验结果表明, 该算法有效缓解了振荡现象, 加快了算法的收敛速度.     

Dynamic mass variation and multiphase interaction among steel,slag, lining refractory and nonmetallic inclusions: Laboratory experiments and mathematical prediction

The mass transfer among the multiphase interactions among the steel, slag, lining refractory, and nonmetallic inclusions during the refining process of a bearing steel was studied using laboratory experiments and numerical kinetic prediction. Experiments on the system with and without the slag phase were carried out to evaluate the influence of the refractory and the slag on the mass transfer. A mathematical model coupled the ion and molecule coexistence theory, coupled-reaction model, and the surface renewal theory was established to predict the dy-namic mass transfer and composition transformation of the steel, the slag, and nonmetallic inclusions in the steel. During the refining process, Al2O3 inclusions transformed into MgO inclusions owing to the mass transfer of [Mg] at the steel/refractory interface and (MgO) at the slag/re-fractory interface. Most of the aluminum involved in the transport entered the slag and a small part of the aluminum transferred to lining re-fractory, forming the Al2O3 or MgO·Al2O3. The slag had a significant acceleration effect on the mass transfer. The mass transfer rate (or the re-action rate) of the system with the slag was approximately 5 times larger than that of the system without the slag. In the first 20 min of the re-fining, rates of magnesium mass transfer at the steel/inclusion interface, steel/refractory interface, and steel/slag interface were x, 1.1x, and 2.2x, respectively. The composition transformation of inclusions and the mass transfer of magnesium and aluminum in the steel were predicted with an acceptable accuracy using the established kinetic model.     

电荷比特的超强藕合实现及量子态转移

基于超导量子电路中光与物质相互作用强度的可调性, 研究了库珀对盒子(Cooper-pair box, CPB)与LC谐振电路耦合的电路模型, 证明了可以通过减小CPB的约瑟夫森能量和增加LC谐振子阻抗, 实现光与物质的超强耦合(ultra-strong coupling, USC)和深度强耦合(deep-strong coupling, DSC)相互作用. 在此基础上, 进一步提出了具有一定抗噪性的 USC 双比特超导电路模型, 并以该模型作为非相干中介实现了两个Transmon系统间的量子态转移(quantum-state transfer, QST). 研究结果为在超导量子系统中实现USC相互作用提供了新的方案, 并有望进一步应用于量子调控、量子模拟和量子信息处理等领域.     

天然气加热炉内介质水非稳态耦合热流场研究

设计制造高效节能的加热气化设备是油气工业中迫切需要解决的问题。本文深入研究天然气加热炉传热机理,开创性地构建了大空间非稳态自然对流及介质参与性辐射耦合传热模型,求解水作为中间载热介质的天然气加热炉内非稳态耦合热流场,并通过天然气加热、传热流动试验平台,对边界条件进行试验校准并验证了数值分析模型的正确性。结果显示,加热炉内流场不均,整体循环不佳,加热炉的启动时间为2.5 h,加热效率仅为83.5%,介质参与性辐射占总传热量的24.5%。显然,传统加热炉结构有待优化,且介质参与性辐射影响不可忽略。     

Fluorescent immunosensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer between CdSe/ZnS quantum dots and Au nanorods for PRRSV detection

An ultrasensitive and selective sandwich-type fluorescent immunosensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) and Au nanorods (AuNRs) was developed for the rapid detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Modified CdSe/ZnS QDs and AuNRs were bioconjugated with primary antibodies M and GP5, respectively. When the target antigen was present, a well-known sandwich-type form CdSe/ZnS QDs-M antibody-antigen-GP5 antibody-AuNRs was produced, and thus reducing the distance between the QDs and NRs. As a result, FRET occurred and the fluorescence intensity of CdSe/ZnS QDs decreased, and this decrease was used to determine the antigen concentration. Ultrasensitive detection of PRRSV at low concentrations in swine serum was achieved with a limit of detection of 0.55 TCID₅₀/mL and a linear detection range of 10¹–3.5 ?× ?10⁴ TCID₅₀/mL. Therefore, the fluorescent immunosensor is selective and highly sensitive; specifically, it can detect PRRSV at low concentrations in swine serum over a large concentration range. This proposed detection method can facilitate the development of high-performance fluorescent immunosensors for the detection of PRRSV and other antigens.     

强干预:西部高等教育发展的策略选择

怎样缩小东西部高等教育之间的差距是新时代我国高等教育发展的议题,中央和西部地方政府及西部高校十分重视该问题。社会学方法中的“弱干预”是对自组织发育程度高水平社会的小力度干预,“强干预”则是对自组织发育程度低水平社会的大力度干预。迁移到高等教育领域,该概念以缩小东西部高等教育之间差距为标准,认为没有达到缩小两者之间差距目标的干预对策是“弱干预”;达到缩小东西部高等教育之间差距目标的干预对策是“强干预”。从现实的数据分析,从1999年到2019年,东西部高等教育之间的差距在绝对数量上有所缩小,但在反映质的排名上的差距却在加大。从历史的事件分析,中央政府出于战略转移与国防建设需要所实行的东部高等教育向西部的迁移改变了东西部高等教育优质资源的布局。为了实现新时期缩小东西部高等教育之间差距的目标,中央政府要继续加大“强干预”的主导作用,鼓励东部地区优质高校到西部办分校;西部地方政府需要做好“强干预”的辅助工作,制定更加开放、灵活与优质的政策吸引东部地区高等教育资源向西部迁移;西部地方高校需要配合中央与地方政府的“强干预”对策,落实“强干预”的具体工作。     

线性时变系统辨识及有非数量输入的最优控制

本文提出了一种线性时变系统的模型辨识方法,在系统有完全状态信息的情况下,先求出系统的状态响应矩阵,再解一类广义瑞利商的最小化问题估计出系统的转移矩阵,第二部分讨论了线性时变系统出现不确定非数量干扰时,用最小二乘法来辨识模型的方法,末一部分讨论了第二部分辨识的线性系统在二次型指标下的最优控制问题。     

日粮中不同Mn,Zn水平对雏鸡卵黄囊中Mn,Zn转移的影响

取自行孵化的新出壳ＡＡ公雏鸡５７６只分为两批分别用于Ｍｎ和Ｚｎ的试验，每批分为四组，每组随机地对应高Ｍｎ或高Ｚｎ、低Ｍｎ或低Ｚｎ，无Ｍｎ和Ｚｎ和标准Ｍｎ或Ｚｎ四种日粮水平的一种，于２，４，６，８，１２，１６，２４，３６，４８，７２，９６，１２０时龄每组分别取雏鸡６只测定卵黄囊中Ｍｎ或Ｚｎ的含量。测定结果进行方差分析和多重比较（ＳＡＳ）。试验表明，雏鸡出壳２小时内卵黄囊Ｍｎ和Ｚｎ的含量分别为０．１９     

在复杂边值条件下非稳态肋片传热的最优化（Ⅳ）

研究在辐射和对流同时作用下思根温度作周期性变化时矩形肋片的传热特。着重讨论了肋片在这种复杂边值条件下传热的最优尺寸。