柴油机冒蓝白烟研究综述

柴油机排烟是大气的主要污染源之一，本文概括了国内外有关柴油机冒蓝白烟的研究进展，并对我国开展这方面的研究提出了建议。     

Computational approaches to structural and functional analysis of plastocyanin and other blue copper proteins

Computational techniques are becoming increasingly important in structural and functional biology, in particular as tools to aid the interpretation of experimental results and the design of new systems. This review reports on recent studies employing a variety of computational approaches to unravel the microscopic details of the structure-function relationships in plastocyanin and other proteins belonging to the blue copper superfamily. Aspects covered include protein recognition, electron transfer and protein-solvent interaction properties of the blue copper protein family. The relevance of integrating diverse computational approaches to address the analysis of a complex protein system, such as a cupredoxin metalloprotein, is emphasized.Received 9 May 2003; received after revision 24 November 2003; accepted 28 November 2003     

纳米二氧化钛光催化降解亮蓝染料的研究

以纳米TiO₂为光催化剂，高压汞灯为紫外光源，研究了水溶液中亮蓝染料的半导体光催化降解及其影响因素。研究结果表明，TiO₂在500℃煅烧后所形成的锐钛型产物具有较好的光催化效果。纳米TiO₂的用量是影响亮蓝降解反应速率的重要因素，其最适宜的用量为1.0kg/m³。亮蓝的初始浓度越高，降解率越低。在亮蓝初始浓度为12.62mmol/m³，纳米TiO₂的用量为1.0kg/m³时，经光照40min后亮蓝的降解率可达99%以上，并通过回归分析得出了亮蓝降解的动力学方程。     

聚苯乙烯磺酸钠／阿利新蓝分子沉积膜的表征及组装动力学

制备了聚苯乙烯磺酸钠/阿利新蓝分子沉积膜。紫外-可见吸收光谱及接触角滴定的实验结果表明，聚苯乙烯磺酸钠/阿利新蓝分子沉积膜具有良好的自组装性能，且以单分子层层状沉积。通过时间控制，考察了聚苯乙烯磺酸钠/阿利新蓝分子组装形成分子沉积膜的动力学过程。结果表明，第8层阿利新蓝和第9层聚苯乙烯磺酸钠分子沉积膜润湿性稳定时间分别为18min和25min；聚苯乙烯磺酸钠的吸附速率常数比阿利新蓝的要小。依据不同组装时间的吸附动力学行为，提出了聚苯乙烯磺酸钠／阿利新蓝分子沉积膜在石英表面组装过程的动态模型。原子力显微镜和小角X射线衍射结果证实，多层聚苯乙烯磺酸钠/阿利新蓝分子沉积膜存在良好的层状周期结构，但层内局部结构有缺陷。     

Assessment on alien herbicide-resistant gene flow among crucifers by sexual compatibility

Cross-pollination and high cross-compatibility are frequently found in many cruciferous plants, which implies that there might be potential risk of alien gene flow among crucifers. In this work, the alien glyphosate-resistant gene flow between GM （Genetically modified） rapeseed variety Q3 （Brassica napus） and 6 varieties from 5 cruciferous species was assessed by sexual compatibility through aniline blue fluorescence observation, manual cross, mentor pollination with the mixture pollen and DNA identification. The results indicated that the compatibility indices of two B. napus varieties, B. juncea vat. multiceps Tsen et Lee and Chinese cabbage （B. chinensis） （as female） with Q3 （as male） were 16.15, 12.77, 2.345 and 0.85, respectively. FI plants were examined by PCR and all of these samples were confirmed as positive. Crossing between Orychophragmus violaceus, Descurainia sophia （as female） and Q3 （as male） expressed high cross-incompatibility. Fluorescence microscope observation indicated that growing of pollen tube terminated at the upper 1/3 part of the style of O. violaceus and on the stigma surface of D. sophia. The mentor plants were further analyzed by PCR and all were shown to be negative. Under the neighboring growth and natural pollination conditions, the rates of gene flow to two B. napus varieties were 2.3278% and 2.1487%, respectively, B. juncea var. multiceps Tsen et Lee and Chinese cabbage were 1.0157% and 0.9236%, respectively. No gene flow was observed in O. violaceus and D. sophia. Frequency of gene flow was highly correlated with sexual compatibility. Due to possible alien gene flow among crucifers, special consideration and care should be taken to grow GM rapeseed.     

赤霉素在钼蓝法测定煤中磷的应用

利用赤霉素作为显色剂,实验测定煤中磷的含量.结果表明,在1.0mol/L盐酸介质中,将磷钼杂多酸还原成磷钼杂多蓝,其最大吸收波长为670nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.39×104L.mol-1.cm-1,线性范围为0~0.1mg/50mL.该法准确、可靠.     

溴酚蓝与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作用研究

采用UV-V is光谱法研究了pH=3.55的缓冲溶液中溴酚蓝(BPB)与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的结合反应.测得PVP-BPB缔合物的最大吸收波长为602 nm,应用双波长法和平衡透析法,与单波长法进行对照测定研究,实验结果基本相符.研究发现,PVP-BPB缔合物的结合比为nBPB∶nPVP=1∶10,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=4.55×104L/(mol.cm),PVP与BPB作用的条件平衡常数K=4.32×103.PVP与BPB分子间在pH=3.55的酸性缓冲溶液中主要是静电作用和氢键作用,认为PVP在该条件下以近似环形的结构形式存在.     

硅藻土对亚甲基蓝的吸附及在白酒处理中的应用

通过测定云南先峰硅藻土对亚甲基蓝的吸附作用，求出吸附值来考察硅藻土的吸附能力。然后用硅藻土来处理白酒的基酒，以消除白酒中的异味，怪味和某些缺陷，使白酒具有较好的口感和色香味。结果表明，四种型号的硅藻土对亚甲基蓝均具有明显的吸附作用，其吸附能力强弱为：Ⅲ〉Ⅳ〉Ⅱ〉Ⅰ。在对基酒的处理中，当Ⅰ号与Ⅱ号硅藻土的配比为1：1时，其对基酒的处理效果较为理想。     

化学镀Ni-B或Ni-P镀层与油溶性有机钼添加剂的协同效应

在45调质钢基体上化学镀Ni-B合金或Ni-P合金镀层.在基础油润滑下,Ni-B合金或Ni-P合金镀层比45钢耐磨性均提高4.1倍,但摩擦系数却分别增加16.3%,20.35%.在基础油中加入3%的二烷基二硫代磷酸钼(简称MoDTP).结果表明,与未加MoDTP的45钢相比,Ni-B、Ni-P镀层耐磨性分别提高12.8倍,7倍,摩擦系数分别降低54%,51.2%,说明Ni-B或Ni-P镀层与MoDTP有良好的协同效应.     

双波长系数倍率法同时测定钼和钨

痕量钨、钼与芦丁在混合表面活性剂（ＣＴＭＢ＋Ｂｒｉｊ－３５）存在下,于ｐＨ５．４ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ介质中发生灵敏的显色反应,但形成的胶束配合物的吸收峰严重重叠,应用双波长系数倍率法同时测定了混合样中的两组分。