基于热力耦合的摩擦系数计算模型与仿真研究

基于界面摩擦过程中摩擦功耗散为界面原子热振动的原理,通过对界面原子在界面势能场激励作用下热振动分析,建立了基于摩擦界面热力耦合过程的滑动摩擦系数计算模型。仿真分析表明：滑动摩擦系数随摩擦速度增加而增高;当摩擦界面实际接触面积与载荷成线性关系时,摩擦系数与接触面积无关,当实际接触面积接近名义接触面积时,摩擦系数随载荷的增加而降低;此外,滑动摩擦系数随晶格常数增大而降低,随原子质量减小而升高。     

SPIO标记的反义探针磁学性能检测

采用化学交联法制备超顺磁性氧化铁(SPIO)标记的c-erbB2癌基因反义脱氧寡核苷酸探针,经过1.5T磁共振仪测定,其T2弛豫率为0.156×106mol-1·S-1;振动样品磁强计测定出探针的磁化强度为69.423 8 emu/g Fe,比饱和磁化强度68.413 4 emu/g,比剩余磁化强度为30.354 1 emu/g,剩磁为19.734 5 Gs.为了检测探针的有效性,进一步使用该探针转染高表达c-erbB2癌基因的SK-Br-3肿瘤细胞株,同时使用正义和无义探针转染SK-Br-3肿瘤细胞株、反义探针转染正常小鼠肝细胞作对照,结果发现反义探针能够特异性进入SK-Br-3肿瘤细胞内,且能明显改善该细胞的磁学参数并降低磁共振扫描下的信号强度.     

演化博弈框架下的集群供应链复制动态模型

集群供应链是产业集群理论的一个刚刚起步的新研究方向。本文扩展和完善了黎继子等提出的集群供应链的概念和性质。提出运用以有限理性为基础的演化博弈理论,建立和分析一个集群供应链的制造商之间竞合关系的非对称复制动态模型。通过对模型的分析,得出结论：集群供应链的制造商之间稳定的互相合作状态有赖于高市场平均增长率、高关联性、低同质性、高投资额和低合作成本。为集群供应链的研究提供了新的有效方法,为集群供应链的横向竞合关系演化过程提供了重要的解释和分析。     

含空位晶体的衍射动力学

空位会对材料相变、晶体生长、原子扩散等结构演变过程产生重要影响,并对材料的物理、力学性能产生重要影响,但是如何对空位进行表征,从而捕捉材料内部的空位并直接观察其形态特点一直很困难.笔者用散射矩阵法研究了含空位晶体的衍射强度,把空位考虑成刚体球,并且引入"真空体"去反映空位对晶体的衍射影响,计算了晶体的衍射强度随空位位置的变化,并对一些影响因素进行了讨论.     

五指仿人灵巧手运动学与动力学模型

对气动人工肌肉驱动的五指仿人灵巧手进行了运动学及动力学分析. 在Matlab上进行了仿真计算,建立了灵巧手的运动学模型并求得其解析解;同时用Newton-Euler方法对灵巧手进行了逆动力学分析,得出了灵巧手的动力学方程.通过基于灵巧手动力学模型和气动人工肌肉静态模型的主从控制实验,结果表明,可以通过数据手套采集关节的角度变化信息控制灵巧手完成抓取物体的动作.     

Bayesian mixed models and divergence time estimation of Chinese cavefishes （Cyprinidae： Sinocyclocheilus）

The genus Sinocyclocheilus is distributed in Yun-Gui Plateau and its surrounding region only, within more than 10 cave species showing different degrees of degeneration of eyes and pigmentaUon with wonderful adaptations. To present, published morphological and molecular phylogenetic hypotheses of Slnocyclocheilus from prior works are very different and the relationships within the genus are still far from clear. We obtained the sequences of cytochrome b （cyt b） and NADH dehydrogenase subunlt 4 （ND4） of 34 species within Sinocyclocheilus, which represent the most dense taxon sampling to date. We performed Bayesian mixed models analyses with this data set. Under this phylogenetic framework, we estimated the divergence times of recovered clades using different methods under relaxed molecular clock. Our phyloegentic results supported the monophyly of Sinocyclocheilus and showed that this genus could be subdivided into 6 major clades. In addition, an earlier finding demonstrating the polyphyletlc of cave species and the most basal position of S. jii was corroborated. Relaxed divergence-time estimation suggested that Sinocyclocheilus originated at the late Miocene, about 11 million years ago （Ma）, which is older than what have been assumed.     

Excited-state dynamics in light-harvesting complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Photodynamics of peripheral antenna complexes, light-harvesting complex （LH2） of Rhodobacter （Rb） Sphaeroides 601, was studied using femtosecond pump-probe technique at different laser wavelengths. The obtained results reveal dramatic dynamical evolutions within B800 and B850 absorption bands of antenna complexes LH2. At excitation wavelength around 835 nm, a sharp photobleaching signal was observed which was assigned to the contribution of the two-exciton state, which was further confirmed by the power dependence measurement. Rate equations with eight-level scheme were used to calculate the population evolution in LH2 and the transient dynamics under femtosecond pulse excitation. The research results prove that not only the transition from ground state to one-exciton state but also that from one-exciton state to two-exciton state contribute to the photodynamics of B850.     

Crystallization dynamics of supersaturated NaClO4 aerosols studied by high-speed photography

Single supersaturated NaClO4 aerosol droplets on a quartz substrate were observed by a high-speed video camera for their morphologic changes with decreasing relative humidity （RH）. The supersaturated droplets were found to form anhydrous NaClO4 at -10% RH. Three stages were roughly observed in this process, i.e., the main stem appearance, primary and secondary branches growth, and the deep dehydration. The main stem grew steadily and finished in 120 ms. Affected by both crystal precipitation and water evaporation, primary branches grew for 1200 ms, accompanied by a slower growth of secondary branches. The deep dehydration was more complicated, and lasted for a longer time.     

Crystallization dynamics of supersaturated NaClO_4 aerosols studied by high-speed photography

Single supersaturated NaClO4 aerosol droplets on a quartz substrate were observed by a high-speed video camera for their morphologic changes with decreasing relative humidity (RH). The supersatu- rated droplets were found to form anhydrous NaClO4 at ~10% RH. Three stages were roughly observed in this process, i.e., the main stem appearance, primary and secondary branches growth, and the deep dehydration. The main stem grew steadily and finished in 120 ms. Affected by both crystal precipitation and water evaporation, primary branches grew for 1200 ms, accompanied by a slower growth of sec- ondary branches. The deep dehydration was more complicated, and lasted for a longer time.     

Optical nonlinearity and ultrafast dynamics of ion exchanged silver nanoparticles embedded in soda-lime silicate glass

Ag nanoparticles embedded in soda-lime silicate glass were fabricated by ion-exchange and subse-quently annealing method. Z-scan technique, femtosecond time-resolved optical Kerr effect （OKE） technique and femtosecond pump-probe experiment were used to investigate the effects of laser wavelength and laser pulse duration as well as annealing temperature on the third-order optical nonlinearity and ultrafast dynamics of the composites. It was found that the third-order susceptibility of Ag nanoparticles composite glass measured by 400 nm pulse source is larger than that measured by 800 nm pulse source due to an enhancement effect of local field near surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles in silicate glass. The third-order optical nonlinearity measured by ns laser source is about two orders of magnitude larger than that measured from fs pulse. The annealing temperature has an important effect on the third-order optical nonlinearity and ultrafast dynamics of the composites. Third-order nonlinear susceptibility up to 10^-l0 esu and fast relaxation process up to 0.2 ps have been obtained in Ag nanoparticles doped glass.