白洋淀乌鳢线粒体D-Loop区序列遗传多样性分析

采集白洋淀野生鸟鳢(Channa argu)群体和养殖乌鳢群体62个样本.运用PCR技术对该62个样本的线粒体D-Loop区序列进行扩增,测序得到的序列进行比对.结果显示,线粒体D-Loop区片段中,T,C,A和G碱基平均含量分别为28.14％,22.36％,34.38％和15.12％,A+T的含量(62.52％)高于G+C含量(37.48％),具有明显的碱基组成偏向性.共检测到112个变异位点,占全部序列的12.3％,检测到单倍型9种,单倍型多样性(Hd)为0.783,核苷酸多样性(Pi)为0.054 09,2个群体的遗传距离为0～0.12,遗传分化指数(Fst)为0.943 44,基因流(Nm)为0.014 99.基于线粒体D-Loop区序列的研究表明:野生乌鳢群体的遗传多样性比养殖群体的遗传多样性低,同时2群体间具有明显的遗传分化现象.     

不同嗜盐机制微生物蛋白质组特性及其识别

选取两种不同嗜盐机制微生物蛋白质组,并将其同非嗜盐微生物蛋白质组进行比较.研究结果发现:积累无机盐的蛋白质氨基酸组成与非嗜盐相差明显,而积累细胞相容性物质的嗜盐蛋白则差异较小,后者分子中His和分子量较小的氨基酸均显著多于非嗜盐蛋白,而Ala则相反;两种类型蛋白质中酸性氨基酸和碱性氨基酸的差值均显著高于非嗜盐蛋白.基于此,使用一种新型Person通用核函数的支持向量机对3种类型蛋白进行识别,其精度可达84.1%,优于其他核函数的支持向量机及其他机器学习算法.     

不同海域中国花鲈的细胞色素b序列的遗传分析

从辽宁大连、河北黄骅、山东青岛、江苏盐城、浙江宁波、广西北海等6个沿海地区分别采集野生中国花鲈共44尾,通过测定花鲈细胞色素b序列,获得876 bp长度的序列,检测到的变异位点26个,22个单倍型,A、C、G、T的碱基组成分别为22.6%,33.1%,16.4%,28.0%.各群体内的遗传差异从0.1%~1%,群体间的遗传差异从0.2%~1%.构建NJ树,分为两大群,取自北海的花鲈单独成群,其它地区的花鲈合为另一分支.     

人表皮组织蛋白质组双向电泳技术的建立

目的:建立和优化人表皮组织蛋白质组双向电泳技术,为后续的皮肤蛋白质组学研究奠定基础.方法:组织匀浆法制备表皮组织总蛋白,采用固相pH 梯度胶条进行双向电泳,凝胶银染后用PDQuest 7.4软件对电泳图谱进行分析.结果:人表皮组织蛋白质组在7cm pH 5～8 IPG胶条的最佳上样量为200 靏,平均蛋白斑点数为414±19,平均匹配斑点数为346±31,匹配率达83.6%.结论:通过优化双向电泳条件,获得了分辨率高、重复性好的人表皮组织蛋白质组双向电泳图谱.     

Phylogeny and rapid Northern and Southern Hemisphere speciation of goldfinches during the Miocene and Pliocene Epochs

Mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) from 25 out of 31 extant goldfinches, siskins, greenfinches and redpolls (genus Carduelis) has been sequenced from living samples taken around the world, specimens have also been photographed. Phylogenetic analysis consistently gave the same groups of birds, and this grouping was generally related to geographical proximity. It has been supposed that Pleistocene glaciations played a crucial role in the origin of extant diversity and distribution of Northern Hemisphere vertebrates. Molecular comparison of most extant songbird species belonging to the genus Carduelis does not support this assertion. The fossil record of chicken and pheasant divergence time has been used to calibrate the molecular clock; cyt b DNA dendrograms suggest that speciation in Carduelinae birds occurred during the Miocene and Pliocene Epochs (9 – 2 million years ago) in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Only about 4% average amount of nucleotide substitution per lineage is found between the most distant Carduelis species; this suggests a remarkably rapid radiation when compared with the radiation of other passerine songbird genera. In addition, a continuum of small songbird speciation may be found during the Miocene Epoch in parallel with speciation of other orders (i.e. Galliformes, chicken/pheasant). Pleistocene glaciations may have been important in subspeciation (i.e. Eastern European grey-headed goldfinches/Western European black-headed goldfinches) and also in ice-induced vicariance (isolation) (i.e. siskin in Western Europe vs. siskin in Far East Asia) around the world. European isolated Serinus citrinella (citril finch) is not a canary, but a true goldfinch. South American siskins have quickly radiated in the last 4 million years coinciding with the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama; probably, a North American siskin related to C. notata invaded a suitable and varied biotope (the South American island) for Carduelis birds. North American goldfinches may be renamed as siskins, because they have a distant genetic relationship with European goldfinches. Genus Acanthis could be dropped, and thus redpolls should be separated from twite and linnet, the latter (Europeans) probably being related to American goldfinches. Also, reproductive barriers are observed between closely related species and not between other more distant ones. Finally, a tentative classification for genus Carduelis species is suggested. Received 6 March 1998; received after revision 3 July 1998; accepted 7 July 1998     

Altered K+ movement in liver mitochondria from alloxan diabetic rats

Summary Potassium movements were monitored in liver mitochondria from control and alloxan diabetic rats with a cationic electrode. There was net accumulation of K⁺ after Ca²⁺ addition to the mitochondria with the diabetic but not with the control.     

饥饿对南方鲇和草鱼的生长及能量代谢的影响

以南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)和草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)为对象,在(27.5±0.5)℃条件下,分别饥饿0d,3d,7d,14d,21d和28d,观察各实验处理对鱼体的生长及能量代谢的影响.研究发现:在饥饿28d后,2种鱼的体质量、体长无显著变化,但各自的肥满度和肝器官指数均显著降低(p0.05),南方鲇脂肪含量的降低幅度大于草鱼,其蛋白含量的降低幅度却小于草鱼.各饥饿处理时间点的草鱼静止代谢率(RMR)均显著高于南方鲇(p0.05),且随饥饿时间的延长呈直线下降的趋势;而南方鲇的RMR则呈先上升再下降的趋势.2种鱼的特定体质量生长率(SGR)在饥饿进程中均呈负增长,南方鲇和草鱼的各线粒体状态3呼吸率和细胞色素C氧化酶活性随饥饿时间延长均表现出了不同的变化的趋势.以上结果表明,南方鲇和草鱼应对饥饿胁迫的生理生态学机制存在组织特异性和物种特异性.通过讨论提出,由于南方鲇与草鱼为不同的营养类型,尤其是捕食行为模式各异,因此进化出不同的适应饥饿胁迫的能量生态对策.     

大口胭脂鱼线粒体DNA控制区序列的研究

采用PCR扩增、直接测序的方法得到了大口胭脂鱼线粒体DNA控制区的序列,经过对比分析,其序列全长为920bp,碱基含量分别为：胸腺嘧啶（T）29．8％,胞嘧啶（C）21．6％,腺嘌吟（A）32．4％,鸟嘌呤(G)16．2％,与其它鲤科鱼类相比,胸腺嘧啶含量略低,鸟嘌呤含量略高,其它则相似,成功地识别了终止序列区（nt,1-235处）、中央守区（nt236－566处）和保守序列区(nt．567－920）处,并找到了终止相关的序列ETAS以及保守D(CSB－D）和保守序列1、2、3（CSB1,CSB2,CSB3）,这以中以为将来进行大口胭脂鱼的种群分化研究和资源保护研究提供基础。     

Integrative taxonomic analysis reveals a new species of Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) from north-eastern Cambodia and central Vietnam

ABSTRACT

Species boundaries within the red-eyed Leptobrachium of southern Indochina have been uncertain. Leptobrachium pullum and L. mouhoti from upper and lower elevations, respectively, of the Langbian Plateau of southern Vietnam and eastern Cambodia differ in body size but have relatively low interspecific mitochondrial DNA divergence, leading to speculation that these might represent a single species with an elevational cline in body size. The recent discovery of an allopatric high-elevation population of red-eyed Leptobrachium on the Kon Tum Plateau (= Central Highlands) of north-eastern Cambodia and central Vietnam has been referred to both species, and to a putatively undescribed species. We examine variation in morphology of adults and tadpoles, mitochondrial DNA, 11 nuclear genes and advertisement calls, and show corroborating lines of evidence for the existence of three species of red-eyed Leptobrachium in southern Indochina. Although the three species are reciprocally monophyletic in mitochondrial DNA, their shallow mitochondrial DNA divergences are not mirrored by morphology, advertisement calls, or – in part – nuclear DNA, and probably reflect past mitochondrial introgression rather than recent speciation. The Central Highlands taxon is described herein as a new species.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CE6650AF-D9FB-40F4-8A2E-9B4E23AAC205