PGC-1 α 与运动能力

长期的耐力训练可诱导成年的骨骼肌发生一系列的生理性适应,其中包括快肌纤维向慢肌纤维转换,线粒体的生物合成等。过氧化物酶体增殖物受体γ共激活因子1α(PGC-1a)可能在运动诱导骨骼肌的适应机制起着重要作用:增强骨骼肌氧化代谢能力,从而增强利用脂肪和碳水化合物的能力。但研究发现PGC-1a基因敲除小鼠进行长期的训练仍能够诱导线粒体蛋白表达增加。长期耐力训练可诱导骨骼肌PGC-1a表达增加和激活确切生理作用仍需要进一步研究。     

苜蓿盲蝽属(Adelphocoris)细胞色素B基因片段序列分析(半翅目:异翅亚目:盲蝽科)

用蛋白酶K消化法提取并正反链双向测序获得半翅目盲蝽科盲蝽亚科苜蓿盲蝽属（Adelphocoris）6个种以及苜蓿盲蝽Ad．lineaolatus的3个种群的线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因片段的序列,应用Mega计算该8个cytb432bp片段序列的碱基组成、核苷酸的种间变异率和所编码的144个氨基酸的变异率,序列的碱基组成中A＋T的平均含量较高且在第三位点最高。平均达到81．6％,表明该基因在密码子的使用上具有偏向性,变异位点和信号位点多发生在三联体密码子的第三位点,第二位点最为保守,不同异型序列间的转换＋颠换（ns＋nv）值最高的为100,最小的为0;转换／颠换（ns／nv）值最高为9．33,在Ad．fasciaticollis与Ad．sutualis之间,最低为0．88,在Ad．lineaolatus的宁夏和甘肃种群之间。几种颠换类型都能够在本属的异型序列之间看到,苜蓿盲蝽属的不同异型序列间的差别大小各异,差异最大的是苜蓿盲蝽Ad．lineaolatus的甘肃种群（Ad．lineaozatus2）与内蒙古种群（Ad．lineaolatus3）之间,具有100个碱基的差异,宁夏种群与甘肃种群之间的核苷酸变异率为7％,而二者与内蒙古种群的变异率分别为23％和28％,大于或等于与其他种类间的变异,所以该2个种群与内蒙古种群（典型的Ad．lineaolatus）已处在种化过程的末期,已经形成不同的新种,种间差异最小的是Ad．rufescens与Ad．luridus,变异率为0,应为同一个种,所以Ad．rufescens的分类地位有待于进一步研究证实。     

感染组学在探索新的抗微生物药物中的应用

在现代医学界,研制新的抗感染药物是一个急迫的任务。由于生物基因组测序的成功,以及各种高通量技术和计算机工具的发展,可以对微生物病原体及其宿主之间的相互作用进行综合性的总体研究,这就构成了感染组学的研究内容。感染组的特征反映出病原体和宿主之间的相互作用,为探索新的抗微生物药物提供了有价值的资料。着重阐述了感染组学及其在探索抗微生物药物中的应用。     

线粒体基因和核基因在蝶类分子系统学中的研究进展

综述16S rDNA、Cyt b、COⅠ、COⅡ、ND 5等线粒体基因和OPS1、Period、T p i、M p i、EF-1a、W ing less等核基因在蝶类分子系统学中的应用,认为通过系统学的研究,可以明确蝴蝶各分类阶元之间的进化关系,确立一些有争议物种的分类地位以及进行相关物种的系统地理探讨。运用线粒体基因序列与核基因序列相结合来研究生物的系统发育是分子系统学领域的一种必然发展趋势,它可以为我们解决蝶类分类问题提供分子上的证据。     

拓跋鲜卑与四个北方少数民族间亲缘关系的遗传学分析

为了从整体上了解拓跋鲜卑的遗传多态性及其对中国北方少数民族起源的影响,对33例东汉到魏晋时期的拓跋鲜卑遗存的线粒体DNA进行了遗传学分析.结合已发表的中国北方少数民族的数据,在遗传多态性、单倍型组分布状态、Fst遗传距离、系统发育和多尺度分析等方面,对拓跋鲜卑和四个北方少数民族(鄂伦春、鄂温克、达斡尔和蒙古)之间的亲缘关系进行了探讨.结果表明:在多态性方面,拓跋鲜卑表现为与北亚类型具有相似性;在和北方少数民族的亲缘关系上,拓跋鲜卑首先表现出与鄂伦春人之间有更近的亲缘关系,其次是蒙古人、鄂温克人,再次是达斡尔人.     

甜菜种子中线粒体的纯化研究

吸胀２４ｈ的甜菜（Ｂｅｔａ ｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ Ｌ．ｃｖ．Ｌｏｋｅ）种子线粒体通过差速离心和修改的Ｐｅｒｃｏｌｌ梯度（上部为０．３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ甘露醇,下部为０．３ｍｏｌ＝Ｌ蔗糖）被纯化。线粒体位于Ｐｅｒｃｏｌｌ梯度的上部,大约３０～３５ｍＬ处,细胞色素Ｃ氧化酶（线粒体的标记酶）活性、苹果酸脱氢酶活性和蛋白南含量主要分布在此部位。     

Identification of two-dimensional electrophoresis-separated proteins in human hepatoma cell by electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry

As one of the most important analytical methods in proteome research, mass spectrometry was utilized to identify proteins separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis in the human hepatoma cell line BEL-7404. The protein spots were excised from the gel, followed by in-gel digestion, and the peptide mappings were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ion trap mass spectrometer. Nine proteins were identified via database searching, according to the molecular weights and amino acid sequences of peptides, among which two proteins have not been identified in the other liver-cell database. The sequence coverage was 21% –72%. Furthermore, the relationship between the expressed proteins and the liver carcinoma was discussed.     

Construction of a bacterial artificial chromosome library of S-type CMS maize mitochondria

In order to isolate mitochondrial genes easily, we have developed a new method to construct S-type CMS maize mitochondrial gene library by means of embedding mitochondria and enzymatic digesting mitochondriain situ, preparing mtDNA by electrophoresis, digesting LMP agarose with β-agarase, using BAC vector and electroporation. About 2 500 white clones of Mo17 CMS-J mitochondrial gene library were obtained with the average size of 18.24 kb, ranging from 5 to 40 kb, 63.6% inserts came from mitochondrial genome and represented 48 × mitochondrial genome equivalents. All the probes had detected the positive clones in the gene library. It is helpful to elucidating the maize mitochondrial genome structure and mechanism of S-type CMS, and may give some valuable reference to the construction of other plant mitochondrial genome library.     

Regulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by second messenger-mediated signal transduction mechanisms

The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system is responsible for providing the bulk of cellular ATP molecules. There is a growing body of information regarding the regulation of this process by a number of second messenger-mediated signal transduction mechanisms, although direct studies aimed at elucidating this regulation are limited. The main second messengers affecting mitochondrial signal transduction are cAMP and calcium. Other second messengers include ceramide and reactive oxygen species as well as nitric oxide and reactive nitrogen species. This review focuses on available data on the regulation of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system by signal transduction mechanisms and is organised according to the second messengers involved, because of their pivotal role in mitochondrial function. Future perspectives for further investigations regarding these mechanisms in the regulation of the oxidative phosphorylation system are formulated. Received 11 December 2005; received after revision 14 January 2006; accepted 6 February 2006