Genesis of zircon and its constraints on interpretation of U-Pb age

Zircon U-Pb dating is the most commonly used method for isotopic geochronology. However, it has been a difficult issue when relating zircon U-Pb ages to metamorphic conditions in complex metamorphic rocks. Much progress has been made in the past decade with respect to the genesis of zircon and its constraints on interpretation of U-Pb age. Three methods have been proposed to link zircon U-Pb age to metamorphic conditions: ( i ) internal structure; ( ii ) trace element feature; (iii) mineral inclusion composition. Magmatic zircon shows typical oscillatory zoning and/or sector zoning, whereas metamorphic zircon has internal structures such as no zoned, weakly zoned, cloudy zoned, sector zoned, planar zoned, and patched zoned ones. Zircons formed in different geological environments generally have characteristic internal structures. Magmatic zircons from different rock types have variable trace element abundances, with a general trend of increasing trace element abundances in zircons from ultramafic through mafic to granitic rocks. Zircons formed under different metamorphic conditions have different trace element characteristics that can be used to relate their formation to metamorphic conditions. It is an effective way to relate zircon growth to certain P-T conditions by studying the trace element partitioning between coexisting metamorphic zircon and garnet in high-grade metamorphic rocks containing both zircon and garnet. Primary mineral inclusions in zircon can also provide unambiguous constraints on its formation conditions. Therefore, interpretation of zircon U-Pb ages can be constrained by its internal structure, trace element composition, mineral inclusion and so on.     

数字地质图核心元数据研究

空间数据的应用随着因特网技术的普及越来越广泛,普遍应用于资源管理与优化配置、环境评价与保护、人口、交通、规划等与区域经济可持续发展有关的决策之中。对于空间数据的管理者、用户等而言,如何合理地使用空间数据,从中挖掘和发现新知识,使决策结果更加科学、合理、可靠,已经成为地理信息产业界和学术界日趋关心的焦点问题。空间数据元数据是解决这一问题的关键技术之一。本文对空间数据元数据从理论上进行了探讨,并以矿产资源勘查评价过程中的数字地质图空间数据元数据为例,建立了数字地质图核心元数据示范标准,在实际应用中取得了良好的效果。     

微纳米活性复合矿物橡胶助剂的研制

根据白炭黑性能及其在钢丝绳橡胶运输带中作粘合助剂的机理分析研究,通过"矿物/表丽活性剂/橡胶"三相化学界面设计,复合利用多种非金属矿物,并将其超细粉碎至微纳米级粉体,经表面化学改性,研发成功白炭黑等量替代产品,并实现了产业化.提出了微纳米复合矿物粉体经表面设计及化学改性,可以作为橡胶粘合助剂产品的理论和一条工艺技术路线.     

Heterogeneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide on mineral oxides

Heterogeneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) on mineral oxides including SiO2,Fe2O3,CaO,MgO,ZnO and TiO2,which are the main components of atmospheric particles,were investigated using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS),ion chromatography (IC),temperature-programmed desorption (TPD),X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods. The main products and intermediates of the heterogeneous oxidation of OCS on these oxides were identified with in situ DRIFTS and IC. The reaction mechanism and kinetics were also discussed. It is found that the reaction mechanism on these mineral oxides is the same as that on Al2O3 for the same final products and the intermediates at room temperature. Namely,OCS can be catalytically oxidized to produce surface SO42- species and gaseous CO2 through the surface hydrogen thiocarbonate (HSCO2-) and HSO3- species. The activity series for heterogeneous oxidation of OCS follows: Al2O3 ≈ CaO > MgO > TiO2 ≈ ZnO > Fe2O3 > SiO2. The specific area,basic hydroxyl and surface basicity of these oxides have effect on the reactivity. This study suggests that heterogeneous reactions of OCS on mineral dust may be an unneglectable sink of OCS.     

河北高寺台超镁铁岩体中锇矿物的锇同位素组成初步研究

报道了河北高寺台超基性岩体中的等轴锇铱矿和六方铱锇矿的Os同位素组成,两样品的187Os/188Os值分别为0.123 582±7和0.123 731±7.数据的解释有赖于年龄的和/或源区性质的制约.若已知矿物源区,可由同位素组成制约其形成时代.如上述矿物的锇来自于原始上地幔,其形成时代可能为500±10 Ma;若其源区为亏损的岩石圈地幔,其形成时代可能年轻到晚中生代;若源区为富集的地幔柱,其形成时代可能老到中元古代.反之,若能限定矿物形成时代,则可制约其源区性质.若上述锇矿物形成于印支期,则很可能源于亏损的岩石圈地幔.若它们形成于中元古代,则其源区很可能来源于富集的地幔柱性质的地幔.根据区域地质情况,我们倾向于这些Os来自富集地幔、高寺台岩体形成于中元古代的解释,但进一步解释有待于新的独立证据.尽管如此,这些数据对今后高寺台岩体的成因或年龄研究有参考价值.     

矿产资源开发生态补偿法律制度初探

矿产资源生态补偿法律制度的建立以矿产资源开发过程中存在的经济上的正外部性与环境上的负外部性两种利益的衡平为理论基础。分析我国现行立法中与矿产资源补偿的相关法律制度，我国矿产资源开发生态补偿法律制度还有缺失。建立我国矿产资源开发生态补偿法律制度，一要对现有相关制度更新完善，赋予其生态补偿功能；二要进行制度创新，促进社会和谐与可持续发展。     

循环流化床锅炉内掺高硫石油焦混烧脱硫灰的矿物相组成

粉煤灰的矿物相组成对其资源化具有重要意义,它主要取决于燃料品种和燃烧过程.由于燃烧过程的差异,循环流化床锅炉(CFBC)内掺加高硫石油焦和煤混烧而排放的脱硫灰与煤粉炉粉煤灰在矿物相组成上具有较大差异.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X-ray衍射(XRD)和傅立叶转换红外光谱(FT-IR)对CFBC掺高硫石油焦混烧脱硫灰的矿物相组成进行了研究,同时采用选择性溶解分离和重力分离的方法富集脱硫灰中的微量矿物,研究表明CFBC掺高硫石油焦混烧脱硫灰的矿物相组成以高α-石英、硬石膏和石灰含量为其主要特征,同时含有少量的方解石、莫来石、钙长石、钙铝黄长石、赤铁矿、硅酸二钙(2CaO·SiO2,C2S)、铝酸三钙(3CaO·Al2O3,C3A)、七铝酸十二钙(12CaO·7Al2O3,C12A7)及透辉石等矿物,可能含有少量玻璃相.如果样品在空气中存放时间较长,石灰吸收空气中的水分会导致羟钙石生成.而煤粉炉粉煤灰中的矿物主要为莫来石、石英和少量的赤铁矿,并含有大量的玻璃相.     

粘土分散性的判别试验

针对分散性粘土遇水分散流失的不良性质，应用碎块、针孔、双比重计、孔隙水可溶盐和交换性钠质量分数5种试验方法，研究了西安市黑河水利枢纽工程粘土心墙土料的分散性。研究认为，土料大部分属于非分散性粘土，少部分属于分散性粘土，分散性粘土的蒙脱石与伊利石的质量比值较高；在采用黑河水冲蚀针孔时，分散性粘土有表现为非分散性的趋势；大坝建成后的坝体原状土样属于非分散性粘土。结果表明：蒙脱石与伊利石的质量比值是判别粘土分散性的重要指标，水质对土的分散性具有显著影响；分散性粘土与非分散性粘土合理混合使用可降低粘土的分散性，满足工程要求。     

基于AR模型的松质骨BUA参数测量的研究

定量超声(quantitative ultrasonic,QUS)技术是一种间接测量骨矿密度(bone mineraldensity,BMD)的方法,它利用骨骼的宽带超声衰减(broadband ultrasound attenuation,BUA)等参数反映BMD.为了减少噪声的影响,提出将AR模型用于骨骼的BUA测量,通过仿真和样品实测结果发现,该方法与传统方法相比不仅可以得到较平稳的衰减曲线,还可以有效地提高测量精度.另外在实验中采用宽带超声传感器测量BUA,发现BUA在0.5~2.4 MHz区域内与频率仍具有较好的线性,从而将BUA的测量带宽扩展到1.9 MHz.     

硅对赤泥分离过程影响的模拟试验

通过向拜耳联合法溶出矿浆中添加硅酸钠,研究硅含量对赤泥沉降性能的影响。实验研究表明:硅含量过高对溶出矿浆的沉降性能有明显的影响,添加适量的钙离子可以改善由于溶出矿浆中硅含量过高而引起的赤泥沉降性能下降。