The utility F-box for protein destruction

A signature feature of all living organisms is their utilization of proteins to construct molecular machineries that undertake the complex network of cellular activities. The abundance of a protein element is temporally and spatially regulated in two opposing aspects: de novo synthesis to manufacture the required amount of the protein, and destruction of the protein when it is in excess or no longer needed. One major route of protein destruction is coordinated by a set of conserved molecules, the F-box proteins, which promote ubiquitination in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Here we discuss the functions of F-box proteins in several cellular scenarios including cell cycle progression, synapse formation, plant hormone responses, and the circadian clock. We particularly emphasize the mechanisms whereby F-box proteins recruit specific substrates and regulate their abundance in the context of SCF E3 ligases. For some exceptions, we also review how F-box proteins function through non-SCF mechanisms.     

高炉碱金属富集区域钾、钠加剧焦炭劣化新认识及其量化控制模型

碱金属对高炉内焦炭的破坏大多通过研究碱金属碳酸盐对焦炭气化反应的影响,从而得出钾、钠破坏性相近,在控制碱金属入炉时也基本不对二者进行区分;但高炉调研表明在碱金属富集明显加剧的区域碱金属碳酸盐已分解且焦炭中钾含量均大于钠.本文通过热力学计算得知在碱富集区域碱金属主要以单质蒸气而非碳酸盐或氧化物形式存在,据此设计了模拟此区域有无CO2时钾、钠单质蒸气在焦炭上的自主吸附和破坏实验,结合原子吸收光谱法、X射线衍射法和扫描电镜-能谱分析发现钾蒸气和焦炭中灰分大量结合形成钾霞石后体积膨胀、裂纹扩展导致碱金属富集区域钾在焦炭上的吸附和破坏能力均远大于钠,因此建议尽量采用低灰分焦炭并严格控制入炉钾负荷.进一步研究体系中不同钾蒸气含量对气化反应的影响规律,得出当钾蒸气与焦炭的气固质量比率超过3%后焦炭反应性陡升.依据碱金属富集区域钾、钠在焦炭上的不同吸附和破坏性,建立了钾、钠各自入炉上限及总量上限的量化控制模型.     

Preparation, characterization and photodegradation of methylene blue based on TiO2 microparticles modified with thiophene substituents

The new microparticles,2-formylthiophene(FT)/TiO2 and(E)-1,2-bis(5-formyl-2-thienyl) ethylene(EBFTE)/TiO2 were synthesized with a silane coupling agent.The prepared TiO2 composites were characterized using Ultraviolet-Vis absorption(UV-Vis),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM) and thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA).Methylene blue was used as a model material to examine the photocatalytic activities of the prepared catalysts under both Ultraviolet-Vis(UV) and visible(Vis) light.The enhanced photocatalytic activities were observed in the presence of(FT)/TiO2 and EBFTE/TiO2 under Vis light.It suggests that FT or EBFTE plays a block or active role in the photodegradation mechanisms under UV and Vis light irradiation,respectively.     

Thermal degradation of BaAl2Si2O8：Eu2＋ phosphor excited by near ultraviolet light

Eu2+ doped BaAl2Si2O8 phosphor was synthesized by one-step calcination of precursors that were prepared by chemical co-precipitation.The thermal degradation properties of BaAl2Si2O8:Eu2+ were investigated by photoluminescence,lifetime and chromaticity coordinate measurements.BaAl2Si2O8:Eu2+ is efficiently excited by incident light of 250-400 nm,which matches the emission of near ultraviolet LED chips well.BaAl2Si2O8:Eu2+ exhibits broad blue emission at 470 nm because of the 4f65d1-4f7(8S7/2) transition of Eu2+ ions,and the emission band shows an unusual blue shift with bandwidth broadening and emission intensity decreasing as the annealing temperature is increased.The luminescence decay and CIE chromaticity coordinates of BaAl2Si2O8:Eu2+ were determined to investigate its application in white LEDs.     

分子印迹壳聚糖/TiO2光助催化剂选择性降解孔雀石绿

以钛酸丁酯、壳聚糖为原料,孔雀石绿为模板分子,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了孔雀石绿分子印迹的壳聚糖/纳米TiO2催化剂( MA-CHS/TiO2),在紫外灯照射下催化降解孔雀石绿等底物,考察了印迹型催化剂对孔雀石绿等底物的光催化降解性能,并与相关非印迹型体系作比较,利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)方法对其结构进行了表征.结果表明,印迹型催化剂具有明显的选择催化效应,在降解目标分子底物时,表现出比非印迹型更高的催化活性,其光催化降解速率常数可比非印迹型增加约69％;而在降解非目标分子底物时,印迹型催化剂不具选择催化效应,其催化活性与非印迹型相似.     

Wiener过程在非线性退化建模中的应用

 针对Wiener过程为线性随机过程而产品性能退化为非线性的情况,提出一种时间尺度转换方法,首先通过时间尺度转换把非线性退化数据转换成线性退化数据,采用Wiener过程对其进行建模分析,然后通过时间尺度逆转换实现产品在原有时间尺度下的可靠性评估。给出了Wiener 过程参数估计的步骤和方法,并以某型导弹电连接器的加速退化数据为例,阐述了基于时间尺度转换的Wiener过程在非线性退化建模中的应用。结果表明,时间尺度转换方法成功实现了电连接器的可靠性评估,从而拓展了Wiener过程的应用范围,为非线性退化建模提供了一种有效途径,并为退化型产品的可靠性评估提供了可行的思路。     

基于竞争失效的数控系统PCB性能退化可靠性建模技术

为全面、客观、准确地评估数控系统PCB在外部环境应力和内部线路结构作用下的可靠性水平,验证其是否满足数控系统可靠性设计的要求及其在实际工作环境中能否支持系统可靠的工作,以数控系统PCB为研究对象,从可靠性分析与评估中的核心和关键问题出发,在综述PCB失效机理和退化失效分析的基础上,提出了一种基于多失效机理竞争的数控系统PCB可靠性统计模型的构建思路,结合不同失效机理下的数控系统PCB可靠性分析模型,分析失效机理间的相关性,并通过试验数据量化各失效机理在竞争失效模型中的权重,最终建立数控系统PCB竞争失效可靠性模型,为准确地分析和预测数控系统PCB的可靠性提供了方法和途径。     

电化学氧化法深度处理土霉素废水二级处理出水试验研究

以钛涂铱钌(Ti/RuO2-IrO2)平板为阳极、石墨板为阴极,采用电化学氧化法对土霉素废水二级处理出水进行了深度处理试验研究。确定了最佳电解条件:电流密度为0.10A/cm2、极板间距为2cm、电解质(Na2SO4)浓度为0.3mol/L和不调整废水pH值,在进水ρ(COD)=264.32mg/L时,电解60min后出水ρ(COD)120.00mg/L,COD去除率可达60%以上。在最佳电解条件下,COD去除动力学方程为ln(c0/ct)=0.012 9t-0.001 7,其相关系数R2=0.997 5,近似符合一级动力学方程。     

云南元谋干热河谷生态环境退化及恢复重建试验研究

干热河谷是我国西南地区的一种特殊生态类型,元谋干热河谷是金沙江干热河谷的典型代表。该区气候炎热干燥、植被稀疏、生态环境脆弱,加之人类活动的干扰,生态环境退化严重。1992年以来,我们对该区的生态环境退化状况进行了研究,并进行了复合生态模式、岩土性质与土壤水分、植被恢复、农（林）业节水技术试验研究和推广。     

基于乘数交替方向法的系统图像退化恢复方法

针对一般正则化方法不能有效解决非线性成像和高动态成像的系统退化恢复问题,提出一种非线性图像恢复方法,该方法利用乘数交替方向法解决双边全变差(bilateral total variation,BTV)模型的正则化项不平滑问题.建立包含复原图像的非线性最小二乘数据拟合项和BTV正则化项的目标函数;对目标函数进行优化;构建一套有效的乘数交替方向法(multiplier alternating direction method,MADM)求解提出的模型.利用峰值信噪比(peak signalto noise ratio,PSNR)和结构相似性度量(structural similarity index measurement,SSIM)评估图像恢复结果.对于非线性成像系统退化,提出的方法在PSNR和SSIM方面比基于TV(total variation)模型的方法分别提高4.5％和4.1％.对于高动态的成像退化问题,提出的方法获得的恢复图像PSNR值可达61.89 dB,相比其他方法,至少提高了2.9％.此外,该方法的运行时间也至少节省了26％,具有较高的计算效率.