系统之"矛盾两部分析法"

事物是辩证的,系统作为一个事物是辩证的,系统内部的任意一个具体内容事物是辩证的,该具体内容事物的具体内容也是辩证的……辩证法的核心是对立统一律,立足事物“一分为二”分析、事物矛盾基础“一生二”分析、事物矛盾统一的“合二为一”分析,在实践中,把它们有机结合——对矛盾划分为两部分(矛盾统一形式部分和矛盾具体对立内容部分),结合系统本身特点,研究系统在“矛盾两部分析法”下内部相互作用关系特点和规律——系统“横向链”和系统“纵向链”构成系统网链,探索系统构成、发展和变化的辩证法规律。     

墩墙混凝土结构温控防裂研究

针对倒虹吸墩墙、水闸闸墩、导流墙、地涵边墙等墩墙型混凝土结构在施工期容易开裂的问题,分析了墩墙混凝土的温度与应力变化规律及开裂机理,并阐述了表面保温和底板约束对混凝土温度与应力的影响特性.提出合理的表面保温与减小后期底板约束相结合的防裂措施,且已成功在坟庄河倒虹吸工程上得到应用.迄今为止,在已完工的部分尚未发现一条裂缝,收到了很好的防裂效果.     

明代初中期吴中翰林文学发展论略

相对于其他地区,明初吴中文学对明朝翰林院文学创作的影响甚微。以陈继为首,吴中文学也呈现出它的师弟渊源,而且影响越来越大,成员亦夥。到了成化、弘治年间,吴地作家成为茶陵派的重要组成部分,他们的创作表现出明显的地域特色。     

思想路线与社会主义现代化建设

思想路线是思想认识的指导原则 ,无产阶级政党思想认识的指导原则主要包括客观性原则、实践性原则和能动性原则。党的思想路线的完整表述中 ,“在实践中检验真理和发展真理”应准确、科学地表述为“在实践中检验认识和发展真理” ;党的思想路线的简明概括或简称应统一、规范地表述为“实事求是的思想路线”。坚持实事求是的思想路线的客观性、实践性、能动性原则 ,对社会主义现代化建设具有重要的实践意义     

必要的分析--从历境主义认识论反思到本土化可能的理论构架

历境主义是科技史研究领域中后起的一种研究模式,源自西方的科学知识社会学和历史社会学,由于西方的历境主义论域主要集中在19、20世纪的科技史,故而其既有的经验可能不完全适合于中国史境中的中国问题.这就首先需要我们在哲学认识论层面上对历境主义展开必要的反思性分析.中国历境主义也是一种经验研究模式.这个模式可能的理论资源有二:马克斯·韦伯的"理想类型"和罗伯特·默顿的"中层理论",以及可以分解为可操作的经验变量,它们来自基础性的社会学范畴,但切合中国史境.     

Dissection of cytotoxic and helper T cell responses

Cytotoxic (CD8⁺) and helper (CD4⁺) T cells play a crucial role in resolving infections by intracellular pathogens. The development of technologies to visualize antigen-specific T cell responses in mice and men over the past decade has allowed a dissection of the formation of adaptive T cell immunity. This review gives a brief overview of the currently used detection techniques and possible future additions. Furthermore, we discuss our current understanding of the formation of antigen-specific T cell responses, with particular attention to the similarities and differences in CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell responses, the functional heterogeneity within responder T cell pools and the regulation of CD8⁺ T cell responses by dendritic cells and CD4⁺ helper T cells. Received 16 June 2005; received after revision 2 August 2005; accepted 15 August 2005     

Myosin regulation in the migration of tumor cells and leukocytes within a three-dimensional collagen matrix

The migration of cells is a complex regulatory process which results in the generation of motor forces through the reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Here we present a comparative study of the expression and involvement of myosin in the regulation of the physiological migration of leukocytes and the pathological migration of tumor cells. We show that the involvement of myosin in the migration is distinct in these two cell types. In leukocytes, the activity of non-muscle myosin II is essential for both the spontaneous (matrix-induced) migration and the migration induced by ligands to G protein-coupled receptors, i.e. chemokines and neurotransmitters. In contrast, spontaneous tumor cell migration is largely independent of non-muscle myosin II activity, whereas the norepinephrine-induced migration is completely inhibited by either direct inhibition of non-muscle myosin II or of the kinases phosphorylating the myosin light chain, namely ROCK or the calcium/calmodulin-dependent myosin light-chain kinase.Received 31 August 2004; accepted 26 October 2004     

The plasminogen activation system in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis

Generation of the serine proteinase plasmin from the extracellular zymogen plasminogen can be catalyzed by either of two other serine proteinases, the urokinase- and tissue-type plasminogen activators (uPA and tPA). The plasminogen activation system also includes the serpins PAI-1 and PAI-2, and the uPA receptor (uPAR). Many findings, gathered over several decades, strongly suggest an important and causal role for uPA-catalyzed plasmin generation in cancer cell invasion through the extracellular matrix. Recent evidence suggests that the uPA system is also involved in cancer cell-directed tissue remodeling. Moreover, the system also supports cell migration and invasion by plasmin-independent mechanisms, including multiple interactions between uPA, uPAR, PAI-1, extracellular matrix proteins, integrins, endocytosis receptors, and growth factors. These interactions seem to allow temporal and spatial reorganizations of the system during cell migration and a selective degradation of extracellular matrix proteins during invasion. The increased knowledge about the plasminogen activation system may allow utilization of its components as targets for anti-invasive therapy.     

误译和差译产生的根源

由于翻译的多变性与复杂性以及译者受社会环境的影响和主观意图的驱使,所以在翻译过程中出现不同程度的误译和差译,而这些误译和差译大多数都是由于信息交流不畅所导致的。本文旨在分析造成这种误译和差译的原因。     

鸡与鹌鹑杂交种早期胚胎发育特异表达基因的初步筛选

利用mRNA差异显示技术，对入孵67～91h的鸡（♀）与鹌鹑（♂）杂交种胚胎中mRNA差异表达进行比较，筛选出与杂交种胚胎早期发育相关的特异表达基因，并克隆测序这些序列，分析这些基因在杂交受精蛋早期胚胎发育中的作用，及其对杂交种早期胚胎死亡是否有影响。分析结果表明，已经获得6个杂交种孵化不同时期的基因片段与鸡的mRNA序列具有高度同源性。其中，孵化第72h时胚胎mRNA表达的序列与鸡雌激素受体结合位点相关抗原mRNA具有高度同源性，孵化第79h时产生的差异片段经过比对，发现：与鸡（♀）肽酰-脯氨酰异构酶类似的mRNA序列具有高度同源性。而杂交种胚胎发育到第72h时，可检测到鸡雌激素受体结合位点相关抗原mRNA的表达，比前人所得到的表达时间（胚胎发育在第84h时检测到）提前了12h，这很可能是造成杂交种早期胚胎大量死亡的原因之一。