应用Logistic方程确定杏枝条低温半致死温度的研究

以杏树１年生枝条为材料,对４０个杏品种进行了抗寒性研究。结果表明,电导法测定杏抗寒性结果稳定、可靠。以－２４～－４０℃处理的电解质渗出率,配以Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ方程、多数品种具有较好的拟合度,方程代表的“Ｓ”型曲线拐点可以看作是杏休眠枝的临界致死温度,对４０个样本用恢复生长法验证与ＬＴ５０结果基本一致。     

铝合金基体微观组织对阳极氧化膜层形貌和性能的影响

本文着重讨论ＬＤ２、ＬＣ４、ＺＬ１０８等不同铝合金的基体微观组织对阳极氧化膜层组织形貌、硬度、耐磨性等性能的影响。试验结果表明：基体的微观组织直接影响阳极氧化膜层的形成和长大,膜层的硬度与附磨性呈非线性关系,最佳匹配受基体微观组织及氧化工艺等多种因素影响。     

Cr_2AlC颗粒增强Cu基复合材料的制备与性能表征

采用热压烧结方法制备以三元层状碳化物陶瓷Cr2AlC为增强相的Cu-Cr2AlC复合材料.利用X射线衍射(XRD)和光学显微镜研究复合材料的物相组成和组织形貌;利用维氏硬度仪和万能试验机测试其维氏硬度和抗拉力学性能;利用扫描电镜观察样品拉伸断口形貌.结果表明,当Cr2AlC的体积分数为20%时增强效果最佳,屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到230和315MPa;Cu基体晶粒细化及增强颗粒与基体之间良好的界面结合是材料强化的主要原因.     

Kinetics of discontinuous precipitation in Cu–20Ni–20Mn alloy

The morphology and growth kinetics of discontinuous precipitation (DP) in a Cu–20Ni–20Mn alloy were investigated in the temperature range of 523–673 K by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. A lamellar mixed structure consisting of alternating lamellae of a matrix and NiMn phase was observed in DP colonies. The volume fraction of regions formed by a DP reaction was determined by quantitative metallographic measurements. The kinetics of DP was evaluated on the basis of the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov equation, which resulted in a time exponent of approximately 1.5. We confirmed that the nucleation of the discontinuous precipitate was confined to grain edges or boundaries at an early stage of the reaction. The activation energy of DP process was determined to be approximately (72.7 ±7.2) kJ/mol based on the Arrhenius equation; this result suggests that DP is controlled by grain boundary diffusion. The hardness values exhibited good correlation with the volume fraction of DP; this correlation was attributed to the presence of the ordered NiMn phase.     

Preparation of Al<Subscript>72</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>8</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>8</Subscript>Zr<Subscript>6</Subscript>Nb<Subscript>3</Subscript>Y<Subscript>3</Subscript> amorphous powders and bulk materials

Amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were successfully fabricated by mechanical alloying. The microstructure, glass-forming ability, and crystallization behavior of amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The isothermal crystallization kinetics was analyzed by the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation. In the results, the supercooled liquid region of the amorphous alloy is as high as 81 K, as determined by non-isothermal DSC curves. The activation energy for crystallization is as high as 312.6 kJ·mol?1 obtained by Kissinger and Ozawa analyses. The values of Avrami exponent (n) imply that the crystallization is dominated by interface-controlled three-dimensional growth in the early stage and the end stage and by diffusion-controlled two- or three-dimensional growth in the middle stage. In addition, the amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were sintered under 2 GPa at temperatures of 673 K and 723 K. The results show that the Vickers hardness of the compacted powders is as high as Hv 1215.     

Microstructure evolution and thixoforming behavior of 7075 aluminum alloy in the semi-solid state prepared by RAP method

The effects of isothermal treatments on the microstructural evolution and coarsening rate of semi-solid 7075 aluminum alloy produced via the recrystallization and partial remelting (RAP) process were investigated. Samples of 7075 aluminum alloy were subjected to cold extrusion, and semi-solid treatment was carried out for 5–30 min at temperatures ranging from 580 to 605°C. A backward-extrusion experiment was conducted to investigate liquid segregation during the thixoforming process. The results revealed that obvious grain coarsening and spheroidization occurred during prolonged isothermal treatments. In addition, higher soaking temperatures promoted the spheroidization and coarsening process because of the increased liquid fraction and the melting of second phases. Segregation of the liquid phase caused by the difference in fluidity between the liquid and the solid phases was observed in different regions of the thixoformed specimens.     

板材的冲裁力学研究及应用

简单而系统地介绍了板材的冲裁变形力学方面的最新研究成果:测得了完整的冲裁曲线,提出了冲裁变形过程的6个阶段及单位冲裁力与板料硬度的函数关系式,并介绍了初步的实际应用成果.     

碳钢表面激光涂敷硬质合金材料的性能分析

利用大功率CO2激光器在20#钢表面涂敷WC-B4C-SiC-Co,WC-SiC-Co,用X射线衍射仅对涂敷层进行物相分析,并对涂敷层的硬度及耐磨性能进行测试.结果表明,利用大功率激光束可在碳钢表面涂敷高硬度合金,提高了金属材料表面的硬度及耐磨性能[1,2,3].     

Correlation between structure and hardness of magnetron sputtering deposited CNx films

Carbon nitride films are deposited on Si (001) substrates by reactive dc magnetron sputtering graphite in a pure N2 discharge. The structure of carbon nitride films has been probed using Fourier transformation infrared, near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM), and the hardness has been evaluated in nanoin-dentation experiments. FTIR spectra show that N atoms are bound to sp1, sp2, and sp3 hybridized C atoms. C1s NEXAFS spectra show that the intensity of π* resonance is the lowest for the film grown at substrate temperature TS = 350℃, with a turbostratic-like structure and high hardness, while it is the highest for the film grown at TS = 100℃, with an amorphous structure and low hardness. The correlation between the structure and hardness of carbon nitride films has been discussed.     

金刚石和石墨的价电子结构与硬度的关系

根据余氏“固体与分子经验电子理论”,应用键距差方法,对工业中广泛应用的金刚石和石墨的价电子结构进行计算和分析,计算结果较好地解释了金刚石的本质高硬度和石墨的本质低硬度。