静电感应式油/水界面探测技术

报道一种可方便、准确确定容器中油/水界面的新型探测技术.根据油水两相介电特性的不同,利用油/水界面处存在的双电层及zeta电势,基于静电感应原理,设计电压信号差分放大电路及检测系统.铜质检测电极接触油/水界面时,界面zeta电势会在检测电极上感应出一定的电流,通过检测电流的变化,实现油/水界面的准确测量.根据电压脉冲信号出现时间以及检测电极下降速度,可快速确定油/水界面位置,并且脉冲信号幅值随油品的不同而不同.检测结果表明:该系统具有灵敏度高、操作方便等特点,可发展成为便携式仪器,可用于某些极端场合的现场液位探测.     

不同方法提取的柚子花的挥发性成分分析

以新鲜柚子花和干柚子花为原料,采用同时蒸馏萃取法或超临界CO2萃取法对干柚子花和新鲜柚子花的挥发油进行提取,利用气相色谱—质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行分离鉴定,并测定各化学成分的相对含量。结果表明:相同方法提取的新鲜柚子花和干柚子花的挥发油的组成成分基本一致,但各化合物的相对含量不同,不同方法提取的干柚子花挥发油的组成成分与相对含量都存在较大差异。     

储油罐的变位识别与罐容表标定模型

研究了椭圆型储油罐的变位识别与罐容表标定问题。利用数学积分原理分别对储油罐无变位与变位两种情况,建立油量体积与油位高度的数学模型,并用MATLAB软件进行求解及残差分析,修正得到较准确的罐容表标定值。     

利用液液萃取气相色谱法测定地表水中松节油

研究了液液萃取气相色谱法测定地表水中松节油的方法。结果表明,该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,检出限为0．006mg／L,不同质量浓度样品的RSD范围为3．7％～4．4％,水样的加标回收率为95．7％。97．3％,能满足地表水监测的相关要求。     

H2O2敏化H3PW12O40／SiO2光催化降解甲基紫

采用溶胶一凝胶技术将Keggin型H3PW12O40负载在SiO2上,并用H2O2溶液对其进行敏化,制得HsPW12O40／SiO2／H2O2光催化剂．考察在模拟自然光条件下,甲基紫的初始浓度、溶液pH以及催化剂用量对甲基紫可见光催化降解率的影响．实验发现,在甲基紫初始浓度为30mg／L,溶液pH为2．5,催化剂的用量为0．6g／L的优化情况下,光降解2．5h,甲基紫的降解率达到92％．     

微波辐射制备PMMA-BMA树脂及其吸附油烟性能

本文提出应用微波辐射法制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸丁脂(PMMA-BMA)吸油烟树脂,采用扫描电子显微镜对吸油烟树脂的表面形貌和孔结构进行了表征,研究了单体配比、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、微波功率对树脂吸附气相油烟性能的影响.结果表明,当MMA/BMA配比为0.8:1,引发剂、分散剂和交联剂的用量分别为0.4％、0.3％和0.35％时,所合成的树脂其吸油烟率达到最大,此时树脂表面形成了较多和较深的孔.与常规条件下的合成方法相比,使用微波辐射合成WRT树脂不仅可缩短一半以上的反应时间,而且其吸附气相油烟率也高于普通合成法得到的NR树脂.此外,微波辐射合成的树脂其吸附气相油烟性能还优于普通活性炭和商品的G-1651型高吸油树脂.     

甲醇燃料汽车的排放特性研究

研究满足国Ⅲ排放标准的汽油轿车燃烧工业甲醇后的常规和非常规污染物排放特性.采用热脱附-气相色谱/质谱联用技术和高效液相色谱法对汽油和工业甲醇燃料的非常规污染物排放进行定量及定性研究.研究结果表明:甲醇轿车的常规污染物CO,THC(总碳氢化合物)和NOx排放低于汽油轿车;非常规排放污染物中,甲醇汽车的醛酮尾气排放高于汽油轿车,其甲醛的排放量约是汽油车的6倍,而其挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放的总量只有汽油车的1/2左右.     

Experimental study on spectral responses of offshore oil slick

Using the seawater taken from Liaodong Bay and crude oil taken from Liaohe Oilfield, a laboratory experiment was designed to study the change of reflectance spectrum of artificial offshore oil slick with its thickness and to identify the spectrum ranges suitable for quantifying the thickness of the oil slick. During the experiment, crude oil was continuously dropped into the seawater to generate artificial oil slick with different thicknesses. After every drop of crude oil was added, reflectance spectrum of the oil slick was measured with a high resolution spectroradiometer （ASD FieldSpec Pro FR）. The influence of oil slick thickness on its reflectance spectrum was explored through statistical analysis. The results show that the reflectance of oil slick changes marginally with oil slick thickness and higher than that of seawater in infrared band from 1150 to 2500 nm. This spectrum range can be practically used to distinguish oil slick from seawater. In the spectrum range from 400 to 1150 nm, the reflectance of oil slick decreases with its thickness. The negative power function is the best-fit function expressing the relationship between the reflectance and thickness. The spectral characteristics of oil slick are very distinct at 550 and 645 nm. They are the best wavelengths for monitoring the existence of offshore oil slick and estimating its thickness.     

Flow characteristics and reaction properties of carbon dioxide in microtubules and porous media

Carbon dioxide reacts with porous media while flowing through them enhancing their permeability. Its flow behavior as well as the permeability enhancement effects were studied in synthetic cores, natural cores and microtubes with an inner diameter of 5 μm. The results show that the permeability of H2O-saturated cores （containing carbonate ingredients） was enhanced by increasing the injection volume of a CO2-H2O solution. This enhancement is attributable to carbon dioxide＇s corrosion, which is justified by SEM scanning. The same phenomenon occurs with a CO2-H2O solution in microtubes, but for a different reason. The gas flow velocity of carbon dioxide in microtubes was approximately 100% faster than that of nitrogen because of the scale and the squeezing effects. Carbon dioxide molecules dissolved in water accelerate the diffusion rate of water molecules within the boundary layer, which in turn diminishes the thickness of the water film and enlarges the effective pore size. This flow behavior facilitates the injection of carbon dioxide into low-permeability reservoirs for oil-displacement and formation energy buildup purposes. This behavior also increases the potential for carbon dioxide channeling or release from the formation.     

蒜头果叶挥发油提取工艺及其成分分析研究

利用超临界CO2萃取法(SFE)对蒜头果叶挥发油进行了提取及其工艺探索,并利用气相色谱-质谱法对挥发油中化合物成分进行了分析.结果表明:SFE法的最佳工艺条件为萃取压力32 MPa,温度45℃;分离Ⅰ压力10 MPa,温度35℃;分离Ⅰ压力6 MPa,温度35℃,在此条件下进行萃取挥发油,收率为0.72%;鉴定出5种成分,占总含量的98.75%,未鉴定1种,其中含量最高的为扁桃腈,相对含量64.98%,其次为苯甲醛,相对含量13.12%.