研究金属材料高温动态拉伸性能新方法

采用自行设计带有小型加温装置的改进的分离式Hopkinson拉杆装置测试了金属材料在高温条件下的动态拉伸性能,并用修正的Johnson-Cook模型作为材料的本构关系,提出了一种拟合金属材料在弹性及塑性阶段应变率及温度相关的损伤模型,并拟合出参数.结果表明:改进装置能够精确控制加温速率及温度,减小杆端软化的影响,测试结果相对误差小于1.5%;金属材料304不锈钢的屈服应力及断裂应变具有明显的正应变率效应的温度软化效应,但材料弹性模量具有负应变率效应和负温度效应;在293—625K之间计算结果和试验结果吻合较好,表明可用这种方法测试及估算材料高温动态力学性能,并用于工程分析.     

银杏叶中总黄酮的提取

分别以不同比例的四氢呋喃-乙醇、乙醇-水为溶剂,采用水浴回流和浸泡法提取银杏叶中总黄酮,用分光光度法测定提取率.结果表明:采用水浴回流法时,以体积比为3∶1的四氢呋喃/乙醇为溶剂,银杏叶质量(g)与溶剂体积(mL)比为1∶13.3、水浴温度为50℃、时间为2 h,提取率可达14.7%;采用浸泡法时,以体积比为3∶1的乙醇/水为溶剂,银杏叶质量(g)与溶剂体积(mL)比为1∶10、浸泡时间为24 h,提取率最高达9.3%.     

Formation and biocorrosion behavior of Zr-Al-Co-Nb bulk metallic glasses

Ni-and Cu-free Zr-Al-Co-Nb glassy alloys with different Nb and Co contents were synthesized by melt spinning and copper mold casting.The effects of Nb addition to partially replace Co in the Zr55Al20Co25 glassy alloy on the glass-forming ability,thermal properties,in-vitro biocorrosion behavior and surface wettability of the metallic glasses were investigated.Although addition of Nb up to 5 at.% slightly decreased the supercooled liquid region and the glass-forming ability(GFA),the alloys could be casted in a bulk glassy rod form with diameters up to 3mm.The Zr-Al-Co-Nb glassy alloys were spontaneously passivated with low passive current densities in phosphate buffered saline and Hanks’ solution.Substitution of "toxic" Co by Nb is effective in improved the corrosion resistance of the Zr-Al-Co glassy alloy.Water contact angle measurements showed that Nb addition increased the hydrophilicity of the glassy alloys,which may enhance cell adhesion of the alloys in biomedical applications.     

氧对Zr50Cu40Al10块体金属玻璃晶化动力学的影响

利用不同锆原材料、采用电弧炉坩埚倾斜铸造法制备了具有不同氧含量的Zr50Cu40Al10三元锆基块体金属玻璃,研究了氧对合金热稳定性及晶化动力学的影响.研究结果表明:合金的热稳定性随其氧含量的增加而降低,但晶化表观激活能却随氧含量的增加而增加;氧是通过提高晶化反应速率常数而降低合金热稳定性的,热稳定性与反应速率常数之间存在良好的对应关系,反应速率常数可以较好地表征具有强烈动力学效应的块体金属玻璃晶化过程;氧提高合金晶化反应速率常数的原因是由于它增大了反应的频率因子.     

Super-plasticity of Zr<Subscript>64.80</Subscript>Cu<Subscript>14.85</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>10.35</Subscript>Al<Subscript>10</Subscript> bulk metallic glass at room temperature

Generally, bulk metallic glasses （BMGs） exhibit a very limited plastic deformation under a compression load at room temperature, often less than 2% before fracturing. In this letter, through an appropriate choice of BMGs＇ composition, an amorphous rod of Zr64.80Cu14.85Ni10.35Al10 with a diameter of 2 mm was prepared by using copper mold suction casting. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry were utilized to determine its structure and thermal stability, and the uniaxial compression test was adopted to study its plastic deformation behavior at room temperature simultaneously. The results showed that the glass transition temperature and onset temperature of the exothermic reaction of the amorphous rod were 646 and 750 K, respectively, and its micro-hardness was 594.7 Hv. During compression, when the engineering strain and engineering stress arrived at 9.05% and 1732 MPa, respectively, i.e., the true strain and true stress reached 9.42% and 1560 MPa, respectively, the amorphous rod started to yield. After yielding, with the increase of load, the strain increased and the glass rod ulti- mately were compressed into flake-like form. Although the maximum engineering strain was larger than 70%, i.e., the maximum true strain exceeded by 120%, the amorphous specimen was not fractured, indicating that it has super-plasticity at room temperature. Through the appropriate choice of composition and optimization of the technological process, flexible BMG with super-plasticity at room temperature could be produced.     

电磁感应法探测地下金属管线的研究

根据电磁感应定律研究分析了电磁感应法探测地下管线的原理、方法和地下管线的电磁响应与曲线特征。通过探测实例说明采用电磁感应法探测地下管线具有精度高、快速、无损探测等特点。指出电磁感应法是探测地下管线行之有效的方法,有着广阔的应用前景。     

Zr_(55)Al_(10)Ni_5Cu_(30)大块金属玻璃的晶化行为研究

分别在603 K、653 K、683 K、723 K、753 K、793 K和0.5 h、1 h、2 h、3 h、5 h的保温时间下对Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30大块金属玻璃进行了退火热处理.采用x射线衍射(XRD)法分析了退火后Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30大块金属玻璃的弛豫和晶化相析出的过程,计算了不同温度下结晶度和纳米晶粒尺寸的大小.通过差示扫描量热(DSC)法分析了Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30大块金属玻璃的热稳定性.Kjssinger曲线分析表明,Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30大块金属玻璃弛豫后晶化激活能高于其淬态的晶化激活能,退火温度对大块金属玻璃热稳定性有显著影响.     

ZnO纳米片的制备及光学性质研究

本文利用化学浴沉积法制备了片状氧化锌纳米粒子。在室温下,利用X射线衍射谱,扫描电镜和光致发光谱对氧化锌纳米片进行了表征。结果表明,氧化锌纳米片最强的衍射峰与<001>晶面相对应,显示出与普通氧化锌不同的明显的择优取向;片状氧化锌的尺寸为1000 nm×600 nm×60 nm;结果显示,刚制备的氧化锌的光谱包括一个紫外发光峰和一个蓝绿发光峰。片状氧化锌的生长分两个阶段:第一阶段,大量的乙酸锌前驱体在75℃通过水热分解反应沉积为氧化锌;第二阶段,氧化锌在低温下溶解,也称为老化阶段。     

Cu60Zr29Ti11大块非晶合金的黏度特征和强液体行为

*采用铜模铸造法制备了Cu₆₀Zr₂₉Ti₁₁大块非晶合金, 用X射线衍射仪、三点压弯式黏度仪对该非晶合金的动力学性质进行了研究. 测定了大块非晶合金Cu₆₀Zr₂₉Ti₁₁在过冷液相区的黏度, 得到了它的动力学脆性系数m=31, 以及流变激活能E=63.4 kJ/mol. 表明大块非晶合金Cu₆₀Zr₂₉Ti₁₁是一种强液体, 有较强的非晶形成能力, 形成非晶比较稳定. 分析了合金在过冷态的流变激活能变化规律, 发现流变激活能的变化并不符合Kivelson的Super-Arrhenius公式.     

材料切削加工性的模糊综合评判

将模糊集合论的方法应用于金属材料的切削加工性的评定，并对二十余种牌号的金属材料的评定结果进行了分析，其评定结果与实际情况比较符合。