模糊综合评判在矿区地表水重金属污染评价中的应用

本文介绍了模糊综合评判法用于地表水环境质量评价的基本原理及计算步骤,并以陕西风县寺沟铅锌矿区为例,在实验室采用火焰原子吸收分光光度计法,对该矿区6个监测点的水样进行测试。在该矿区地表水分析测试资料的基础上,采用模糊综合评判法对地表水环境质量的现状进行评价。结果表明,基于模糊综合评判的地表水重金属污染评价方法能较完整地反映地表水环境质量污染程度,是一种实用而准确的评价方法,且易于推广使用。     

云南部分地区木香中重金属含量的测定

目的:检测花甸坝药材场、银桥及中甸所产木香中镉、铅、砷、汞的含量.方法:采用原子荧光光谱法测定4种重金属含量.结果:3个地区木香中检测出的重金属镉≤0.011mg/kg、铅≤3.5mg/kg、砷≤0.11mg/kg、汞≤0.002 6mg/kg,含量均低于<药用植物及制剂进口绿色行业标准>限定值.各元素线性关系良好,r≥0.9993,回收率为99.10%～102.20%,RSD<5%(n=6).结论:花甸坝药材场种植的木香重金属(除铅外)的含量较另外两个地区的低.     

过渡金属离子对介孔氧化硅粒子大小的影响

目的:考察过渡金属离子对表面活性剂诱导模板法合成的介孔氧化硅粒子大小的影响.方法:通过合成过程中加入不同浓度的Cr2+,Ni2+,Cu2+和Fe2+离子,制备不同粒径的介孔氧化硅.结果:通过X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)确定所合成的氧化硅的介孔结构;通过透射电镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)观测合成的介孔氧化硅的形貌和粒子大小.结论:通过表面活性剂诱导模板法所合成的氧化硅具有有序的介孔结构,过渡金属离子的添加,使介孔氧化硅粒径变小,并且,随过渡金属离子浓度的增加,介孔氧化硅的粒径更小.同时,过渡金属离子的引入,还使介孔氧化硅粒子的表面粗糙度发生改变.     

钢丝绳润滑脂抗摩擦学性能研究

利用流变仪摩擦附件测试了钢丝绳润滑脂的摩擦系数,研究了基础油类型、基础油黏度、添加剂种类以及摩擦件的不同对钢丝绳润滑脂摩擦系数的影响。结果表明,基础油类型、基础油黏度、添加剂种类以及摩擦件的不同均对钢丝绳润滑脂摩擦学性能产生影响,得出了各个因素对钢丝绳润滑脂摩擦系数的影响规律。     

Tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) in ferromagnetic metalinsulator granular films

We review the recently discovered tunnel-type giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in ferromagnetic metalinsulator granular thin films, which is the magnetoresistance (MR) associated with the spin-dependent tunneling between two ferromagnetic metal particles. The theoretical and experimental results including electrical resistivity, magnetoresistance and their temperature dependence are described. Limitations to the applications of the ferromagnetic metalinsulator granular films are also discussed. Additionally, a brief survey of another two magnetic properties, high-frequency property and giant Hall effect (GHE) associated strongly with the granular structures is also presented.     

Anomalous temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity of molten Sb

Using the d.c. four-probe method, the electrical resistivity of high-purity liquid Sb has been accurately measured as functions of temperature. It is observed that the resistivity of liquid Sb changes abnormally with increasing temperature, which is very different from that of simple liquid metals. Based on the reported structure factor at several temperatures, the results obtained in this work have been discussed and interpreted qualitatively according to Ziman theory. The analysis suggests that the existence of short-range order structure near the melting point can account for the abnormal phenomenon observed in the resistivity of liquid Sb, in which semimetal-metal transaction takes place in the melting process. At the same time, the progress of the structure change of liquid Sb with temperature has also been pointed out     

Preparation and optical properties of composite thin films with embedded InP nanoparticles

InP nanoparticles embedded in SiO₂ thin films were prepared by radio-frequency magnetron co-sputtering. We analyzed the structure and growth behavior of the composite films under different preparation conditions. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate that InP nanoparticles have a polycrystalline structure. The average size of InP nanoparticles is in the range of 3–10 nm. The broadening and red shift of the Raman peaks were observed, which can be interpreted by the phonon confinement model. Optical transmission spectra indicate that the optical absorption edges of the films can be modulated in the visible light range. The marked blue shift of the absorption edge with respect to that of bulk InP is explained by the quantum confinement effect. The theoretical values of the blue shift predicted by the effective mass approximation model are different from the experimental results for the InP-SiO₂ system. Analyses indicate that the exciton effective mass of the InP nanoparticles is not constant and is inverse relative to the particles radius, which may be the main reason that results in the discrepancy between the theoretical and the experimental result. We discussed the possible transition of the direct band gap to the indirect band gap for InP nanoparticles embedded in SiO₂ thin films.     

Atomic model of liquid pure Fe

Using a θ-θ X-ray diffractometer, the liquid structure of pure Fe was investigated and the diffraction intensity, structure factor, pair distribution function as well as the coordination number and atomic distance were obtained. The experimental results showed that there was also a pre-peak on the curve of the structure factor of liquid pure Fe. The pre-peak is a mark of medium-range order in melts. According to the characteristics of pre-peak, an atomic model of liquid pure Fe is constructed, namely, the structure of liquid pure Fe is a combination of clusters consisting of bcc cells with shared vertexes and other atoms with random dense atom distribution.     

铁基金属陶瓷制动材料的显微组织与研究

采有粉末冶金工艺,研制出4种配方的铁基金属陶瓷摩擦材料。测试了该材料的摩擦磨损性能和物理力学性能;对材料的显微组织结构进行了观察、分析和比较;探索了材料显微组织结构与性能之间的有机联系;讨论了进一步优化材质的途径。     

担载Ni催化剂中Ni担载量及金属助剂对CH4与CO2重整反应活性的影响

考察了金属Ni担载量对Ni/Al2 O3、Ni/MgO/Al2 O3催化剂用于甲烷与二氧化碳重整反应活性的影响 ,结果表明 :Ni担载量对反应活性的影响受反应温度的制约 .在低担载量时 ,催化活性随Ni担载量的增加而增加 ,到 3%时CH4及CO2 转化率分别达到 10 0 %和88% ;但对高担载量催化剂如 2 0 %Ni/MgO/Al2 O3,高温时 (>10 73K)因Ni的聚集等使反应器堵塞 ,导致活性骤降 .与Ni/Al2 O3相比 ,Ni/MgO/Al2 O3具有更好的稳定性 .助剂对催化活性及稳定性也有一定影响 .各助剂对CH4转化的影响次序为 :La >Mn >Co >Fe .助剂的加入有助于Ni催化剂稳定性的提高 .