加筋复合白口铸铁界面的结合强度

研究了在白口铸铁工件中埋入一定数量的钢筋制成加筋式复合白口铸铁的界面结合强度及其影响因素，实验表明，钢筋表面除锈后再经过３种防锈处理都能提高加筋复合白口铸铁的界面结合强度，但效果相差不大，正交试验结果表明，在镶铸工艺因素中，液固体积比（白口铁铁水体积；埋入钢筋的体积）对界面结合强度影响最大，浇注温度和钢筋预热温度也有显著的影响。     

金属矿井超宽带无线传感器网络路径损耗模型的研究

路径损耗模型对于分析无线信道的可用性具有重要意义,而信号的传播环境是影响无线通信系统性能的关键因素之一.结合电磁波的传播理论,在分析电磁波在金属矿井下传输时所存在的固有损耗与附加损耗的基础上,建立了矿井超宽带无线传感器网络路径损耗模型,并进行了仿真验证.结果表明,该模型能够较准确地预测出无线信号在金属矿井下传输情况,对于无线网络的规划等具有重要的指导作用.     

Highly Zn, Mn-rich calcite in calcareous tufa from the Qixiashan Pb-Zn Mine, Nanjing: a possible candidate for Zn-Mn removal from mining impacted waters

The exploitation of metallic mines may cause serious environmental problems. The removal of the heavy metals from the contaminated mining environments has become an urgent issue. In this paper, the occurrence and distribution of heavy metals in the calcareous tufa collected from the mining laneway of the Qixiashan Pb-Zn Mine in Nanjing were investigated by using multiple mineralogical techniques. Examination by X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD) shows that calcite is the major component of the calcareous tufa. Several heavy metals such as Mn, Zn, Mg, Fe and Pb are detected in calcite by means of electron microprobe analysis. Although the heavy metal contents in the hostrock and the formation water are significantly low, the contents of Mn, Zn, Mg, Fe and Pb in the tufa calcite are as high as 23.65 wt%, 9.6 wt%, 0.76 wt%, 4.44 wt% and 0.66 wt%, respectively. The back-scattered electron image shows complex compositional zoning texture in the tufa, which is linked directly to variations in heavy metals, particularly in Mn and Zn. In addition, we also observed floccule and helical precipitations, which may be derived from the metabolism of the microbe. It is deduced that the occurrence and high concentration of heavy metals in tufa may be controlled by the activities of microbes. The results presented in this work suggest that calcite will be an important candidate for the remediation of the heavy metal contamination in mining areas. Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB815603), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40573001) and the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 20050284044)     

Na2S对土壤中重金属离子的钝化性能

采用Na2S作为钝化剂,对人工模拟重金属污染土壤中的Cu2+,Zn2+和Cr3+三种重金属离子进行了钝化技术研究.试验结果表明,Na2S对三种重金属均具有很好的钝化效果,各重金属离子的钝化率均可达到95%以上;X射线衍射分析结果表明,Na2S与各重金属离子作用后,钝化产物分别为CuS,ZnS和Cr(OH)3;溶液化学分析表明,Na2S主要依靠S2-与重金属离子形成硫化物沉淀,或者S2-水解产生的OH-与重金属离子形成氢氧化物沉淀而将重金属除去.     

江西主要类型重金属污染现状及修复实践

江西省是我国矿产资源大省,也是受重金属污染面积较广的省份之一。各类矿山开采破坏了当地生态环境,鄱阳湖流域生态环境也遭到了严重破坏,广大群众的身体健康受到威胁,重金属污染与防治、保护鄱阳湖"一湖清水"成为人们高度关注的环境问题。结合近年来在污染修复方面的工作经验,阐述了江西省铜矿、钨矿和稀土矿开采导致的矿区及周边地区土壤、水体及植物重金属污染现状,以及矿山开采引起的鄱阳湖流域重金属污染现状,同时对江西省内典型铜矿和稀土矿的重金属污染土壤修复工程实践进行了介绍,以期为重金属污染土壤修复提供借鉴和参考。     

正戊烷异构化催化剂活性组分

采用连续流动式固定床高压微反一色谱联合装置，考察了氧化镍、氧化钼含量对正戊烷加氢异构化镍一钼一氢型丝光沸石(Ni-Mo-HM)催化剂反应性能的影响。引入助剂Mo可以提高催化剂的性能。Ni-HM，Ni-Mo-HM催化剂上的正戊烷异构化遵循典型的双功能催化反应机理，在低镍含量时，金属活性中心上的加脱氢为速度控制步骤；高镍含量时，酸中心上的正碳离子骨架异构反应为速度控制步骤。HM3321催化剂上的实验表明，在较适宜的工艺条件下，正戊烷转化率为67．2％，异戊烷收率为62．2％，异戊烷选择性为92．5％，液体产物收率为96．1％。实验结果表明，Ni-Mo-HM催化剂可以作为正戊烷异构化催化剂，性能优于Ni-HM催化剂。     

北极新奥尔松地区环境演变的沉积记录

分析了北极新奥尔松地区伦敦岛的湖泊沉积物L1的16种元素(Hg、Se、Cd、As、Cu、Zn、P、Fe、Ti、K、Mn、Ca、Mg、Na、Si、Al)及TOC(总有机碳)的含量.结果表明:沉积物表层5 cm部分Hg、Se、Cd等重金属元素的污染主要是由20世纪以来新奥尔松煤矿开采活动引起的;而5 cm以下部分属于自然沉积.同时,发现最表层的Hg、Se、Cd含量有降低趋势,很可能是新奥尔松煤矿的关闭导致煤灰沉积的减少.计算了ICV等元素比值,其结果揭示了新奥尔松地区的化学风化作用十分微弱,过去几千年来,该地区气候环境经历了相对暖湿-寒冷-相对暖湿的阶段.     

合金元素对SHS伴生金属涂层基本性能的影响

 为探究合金元素对伴生金属涂层基本性能的影响,选用Ф78 mm×8 mm×550 mm的无缝钢管,在管内壁距离管端200~350 mm处提前开设150 mm×10 mm×4 mm的长形槽,采用自蔓延高温合成技术制备添加不同含量合金元素的伴生金属涂层。通过维氏硬度测量、电子显微扫描、酸液浸泡腐蚀试验,分别探究不同合金元素对伴生金属涂层孔隙、裂纹、硬度以及耐蚀性能的影响。结果显示,添加 Nb、Cr 元素后伴生金属层硬度提高,孔隙与裂纹明显减少,金相组织趋于均匀化。伴生金属层的耐蚀性能与Cr、Nb元素添加量成正比,ZrO₂的添加量影响不大。耐蚀性最好的伴生金属涂层腐蚀仅失重0.271 g,失重率为2.71%,失重率仅为纯铁层的21.22%。结果表明,Nb、Cr元素的加入能有效改善伴生金属涂层的基本性能,而Zr元素对涂层性能影响较小。     

γ-Al2O3负载的Pt,Pd催化剂上邻二甲苯的深度催化氧化

采用浸渍法制备了不同负载量的Pt/γ-Al2O3,Pd/γ-Al2O3及Pt-Pd/γ-Al2O3双金属催化剂并用于邻二甲苯的深度催化氧化.研究发现,在上述单金属催化剂中,Pd/γ-Al2O3的催化活性明显优于Pt/γ-Al2O3;将一定量的Pt添加到Pd/γ-Al2O3中形成Pt-Pd/γ-Al2O3双金属催化体系时,目标污染物的转化率和二氧化碳的产率较单金属催化剂都有显著增加,表明贵金属Pt的添加对Pd/γ-Al2O3的活性有促进作用.同时发现,Pt-Pd/γ-Al2O3具有良好的稳定性,是一种很好的深度催化氧化苯系污染物的催化剂.     

Bioaccumulation of heavy metal in wild growing mushrooms from Liangshan Yi nationality autonomous prefecture,China

The heavy metal bioaccumulation levels of 13 species of mushrooms were studied. 13 different species of wild mushrooms growing in China were analyzed for Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and As. Contents of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in mushroom and Cu, Zn in Soil were tested by atomic absorption spectrometer （AAS）, and As in samples by atomic fluorescent light （AFL）. Contents of Cd and Pb in soil were analyzed by graphite furnace AAS. The results showed that contents of Cu, Pb, Cd, and As in Termitomyces microcarpus were the highest in the tested mushroom samples, which were 135.00, 13.28, 65.30, and 1.60 mg·kg^-1 （dry biomass） respectively, and the corresponding bioconcentration factor （BCF） for Cu and Cd was 57 and 1 674 separately, which was the highest data in 13 mushroom species. The capability ofBoletus griseus for Cd accumulation was very strong with BCF of 300. when people consume the wild edible mushrooms, contents of Cd and Pb should be greatly considered.