A brief introduction to neutron activation analysis in China

The history, the major achievements in both methodology and applications, the current trends and future perspectives of neutron activation analysis (NAA) in China are briefly described.     

人参皂苷粉、银杏叶提取物对鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管新生的作用

为探讨人参皂苷粉和银杏叶提取物对鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管新生的影响,取孵育9天的种蛋,通过暴露鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜来建立模型,28只存活的鸡胚随机分为4组,包含两组空白载体的对照,一组加人参皂苷粉水溶液,一组加含银杏叶提取物药膜,作用3天后,观察分析鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜上血管生长的变化.结果显示:人参皂苷粉组,血管数量明显增多,但血管直径变细,颜色变淡;银杏叶提取物组,血管数量显著增多,血管颜色加深.研究发现:人参皂苷粉既能促进血管生成,又能抑制血管生成,总体表现为抑制;银杏叶提取物能够明显的促进血管的新生.     

活性炭联合陶瓷膜超滤纯化香菇多糖

为了改善香菇多糖精制工艺及降低生产成本,以45%香菇多糖粗品为原料,利用陶瓷膜超滤对其进行纯化精制。结果表明,4.5mg/mL的香菇多糖粗品溶液用1%活性炭作预处理,超滤温度为40℃,超滤压力为0.2MPa,膜面流速为4.5m/s时纯化效果最优。蛋白质的脱除率可达81%,多糖粗品脱色率达90.9%,精制得香菇多糖的纯度为89.7%,回收率77.6%。     

SCWR for Future LargeScale Nuclear Power Generation

The ambitious nuclear power program motivates the Chinese nuclear community to develop advanced reactor concepts of generation IV, in order to ensure the longterm, stable and sustainable development of nuclear power. The supercritical watercooled reactor (SCWR) has favorable features in economics, sustainability and technology availability. It is the logical extension of the existing PWR technology and has very promising perspectives in largescale power generation in China. This paper describes the main features of SCWR. New designs of SCWR core structure and fuel assemblies are proposed. Preliminary analysis using a coupled neutronphysics/thermalhydraulics method is carried out and shows a good feasibility of the new design proposal.     

乏风瓦斯热逆流反应器的流动压力损失特性

分析了热逆流反应器压力损失的组成和机理,上下集气箱内和陶瓷床内部的摩擦阻力损失和陶瓷床进出口的局部损失,建立了各部分压力损失的相应公式并根据实验数据进行了计算.结果表明:陶瓷床进出口的局部流动损失远小于摩擦阻力损失,因此可以在损失分析时忽略以使问题简化;下集气箱中的摩擦阻力损失明显大于上集气箱和陶瓷床,并且对进口流速的增长最为敏感,在总损失中占据首位;给出了热逆流反应器的总压力损失计算公式,应用该式可对不同流量工况下的总损失进行计算.     

MFI-type zeolite membrane on hollow fiber substrate for hydrogen separation

High performance MFI-type zeolite membranes on the outer surface of α-Al 2 O 3 hollow fibers were synthesized by secondary growth method using pure silica sol without an organic template. X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the phase structure of both the seed layer and zeolite membrane. The morphologies of the seed layer and zeolite membrane were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The zeolite membrane achieved an extraordinary H 2 /CO 2 separation factor of 10 with a high H 2 permeance of 5.56 10 -7 mol m -2 s -1 Pa -1 at 723 K.     

Evaluation of humic acid removal by a flat submerged membrane photoreactor

A flat submerged membrane combined with a TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor (FSMPR) was employed in batch mode to remove humic acid (HA). HA removal efficiency was characterized by UV 254 absorbance, UV-vis spectra, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, specific UV absorbance (SUVA), and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP). The FSMPR process was effective in removing more than 86% of DOC and nearly 100% of UV 254 absorbance, while the THMFPs of samples were reduced to < 19 μ g/L after 150 min of treatment. In addition, changes in transmembrane pressure (TMP) with and without UV were evaluated; TiO 2 /UV was effective at controlling membrane fouling by HA. Analysis of the molecular weight (MW) distributions and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra of HAs revealed that the effectiveness in membrane fouling control is a result of changes in HA molecular characteristics. The TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor caused the degradation of high MW, hydrophobic humic-like molecules to low MW, hydrophilic protein-like molecules, although this fraction was not completely removed during 150 min of treatment and was less responsible for membrane fouling.     

1 kW自呼吸PEMFC堆控制因素试验

自呼吸质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)阴极侧湿度和温度耦合严重,且空气流量对湿度和温度影响不同,从而使得对电池输出电压的控制变得复杂.以氢气压力和提供阴极空气流量的风扇转速为影响因素,对相应的工作点集进行了正交试验研究.分析结果表明,风扇转速高于极值电压转速时,空气会带走更多的水分,从而使得质子交换膜逐渐干燥,阻抗增大,电池性能衰减;风扇转速低于极值电压转速时,空气流量带走的热量减少,使得阴极表面温度升高,阴极端相对湿度迅速减低,从而导致质子交换膜迅速干燥,电池性能衰减迅速.因此,每个工作点存在一个使电池电压最高的风扇转速值.     

IC厌氧反应器处理马铃薯淀粉废水特征研究

采用IC(厌氧内循环)法,通过自行研制的IC反应器,研究了马铃薯淀粉废水处理效果,结果表明:初次启动历时25 d,二次启动仅仅历时6d,COD去除率均可保持在80％以上;反应器所能耐受的最大有积负荷为40.57 kg COD/(m3·d);最经济有效的停留时间为5h,最佳负荷为28.75 kg COD/(m3·d).     

CuZnAl双功能催化剂上一步法合成二甲醚的工艺研究

探讨TC301／γ-Al2O3和C207／γ-Al2O3双功能催化剂上合成气一步法制取二甲醚的反应,考察了催化剂浓度、原料气氢碳比和搅拌转速对一氧化碳转化率和二甲醚收率的影响．结果表明：在浆态床反应器内,催化剂C301的催化效果优于C207,且催化剂最佳浓度为7．27％;在300r／min搅拌转速下,外扩散阻力的影响基本可以消除;当原料气氢碳比为1．0时,二甲醚收率最大,进而提出利用富碳合成气生产二甲醚是缓解能源问题和减少能源污染的一条新途径．