Molecular mechanisms of phagocytic uptake in mammalian cells

Phagocytosis is a highly conserved, complex process that has evolved to counter the constant threat posed by pathogens, effete cells and debris. Classically defined as a mechanism for internalising and destroying particles greater than 0.5 mum in size, it is a receptor-mediated, actin-driven process. The best-studied phagocytic receptors are the opsono-receptors, FcgammaR and CR3. Phagocytic uptake involves actin dynamics including polymerisation, bundling, contraction, severing and depolymerisation of actin filaments. Recent evidence points to the importance of membrane remodelling during phagocytosis, both in terms of changes in lipid composition and delivery of new membrane to the sites of particle binding. Here we review the molecular mechanisms of phagocytic uptake and some of the strategies developed by microbial pathogens to manipulate this process.     

120kW级燃料电池可变喉口引射器的设计及特性

引射器是质子交换膜燃料电池氢气循环系统中的关键部件，依靠超音速流动的射流工质实现阳极排气的再循环。传统的固定结构引射器通常针对电堆额定工况设计，工作在非设计工况时性能较差；而可变喉口引射器可以动态地改变其喉口大小，有效扩大其工作范围。基于Sokolov设计理论，搭建了引射器的一维模型并探究了其工作特性，在此基础上提出了一种可变喉口引射器的设计方法。研究结果表明，引射器的工作特性主要受其操作压力、喉口直径和混合室直径影响；通过缩小喉口、提高工作流体压力可以使工作喷嘴保持临界状态，这对大负载下的引射性能影响较小，但能够有效提高电堆小负载下的引射比，并使引射器的工作范围向小负载扩展。     

乳状液膜技术在环境保护中的应用

乳状液膜分离技术是一种新兴的节能型分离手段。介绍了乳状液膜分离技术,综述乳状液膜技术在环境保护方面的应用进展情况。     

质子交换膜燃料电池温度的MPC控制

根据PEMFC热量传递机理建立电堆温度的simulink模型,由于实验模型属于非线性模型,很难对其设计控制器,因此在工作点附近将系统线性展开得到其线性模型.针对线性模型设计MPC控制器,调整得到合理参数后,利用此MPC控制器调节电堆温度模型的控制输入,得到对电堆温度的理想控制效果.     

MFI型分子筛膜晶内孔道的在线CVD调变

采用在线化学气相沉积(CVD)法对全硅MFI型分子筛膜进行晶内孔道修饰,考察晶间缺陷对膜晶内孔道修饰效果的影响。采用硅烷水解法对缺陷较多的膜进行缺陷孔的修补,结合扫描电子显微(SEM),观察膜微结构的变化。结果表明:分子筛膜表面缺陷显著影响晶内孔道调变效果。500℃时,缺陷较少的膜经晶内修饰后H2/CO2分离因子由修饰前的2.7提高到42.3,H2渗透性由2.25×10-7mol/(m2.s.Pa)降至1.52×10-7mol/(m2.s.Pa)。经缺陷修补后的分子筛膜,其晶内修饰后的H2/CO2分离因子比未修补的膜有一定幅度的提高。     

含咪唑基磺化聚酰亚胺质子交换膜的制备及性能

将1,4,5,8 萘四酸二酐（NTDA）与不同的磺化二胺单体、5 氨基 （2 对氨基苯）苯并咪唑（APABI）及9,9’ 对(4 氨基苯基)芴（BAPF）在间甲酚介质中进行缩聚，通过控制磺化二胺与其他二胺单体的摩尔比，合成了一系列具有不同离子交换容量（IEC）的含咪唑基磺化聚酰亚胺（Im SPI）.同时，用溶液浇注法制得了具有良好机械强度的磺化聚酰亚胺薄膜，这些磺化聚酰亚胺薄膜在较高的相对湿度下显示出与Nafion112相当甚至更高的质子导电率，咪唑基的引入显著提高了膜的抗自由基氧化性，但膜的耐水性没有明显变化.     

脱盐水处理工艺的经济技术比较

从脱盐水处理工艺、投资、运行成本和环保等方面,对离子交换处理方案与膜法处理方案进行了经济技术比较。     

Modeling and Experimental Study of PEM Fuel Cell Transient Response for Automotive Applications

This paper presents an analysis of the dynamic response of a low pressure proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack to step changes in load, which are characteristic of automotive fuel cell system applications. The goal is a better understanding of the electrical and electrochemical processes when accounting for the characteristic cell voltage response during transients. The analysis and experiment are based on a low pressure 5 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack, which is similar to those used in several of Tsinghua's fuel cell buses. The experimental results provide an effective improvement reference for the power train control scheme of the fuel cell buses in Olympic demonstration in Beijing 2008.     

DDVP—盖膜和几种杀线虫剂防治花生根结线虫(Meloidogyne arenaria)病研究

DDVP-盖膜防治花生根结线虫病效果显著,为80％DDVP乳油每亩用量150～300g均有效,防治效果为100％,并能增产20～30％左右,对增加花生根瘤数效果也很明显,和对照相比增加14.36％～57.3％,其他杀线虫剂防治也有效,但增产效果不显著。