Growth hormone signal transduction

Growth hormone (GH) promotes animal growth by stimulating bone and cartilage cell proliferation, and influences carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Some of these effects are brought about indirectly via somatomedin induction in hepatocytes, others by acting directly on the target cells. In either case, GH first binds to specific receptors on cells to trigger a sequence of biochemical events culminating in a biological response. Recently much has been learnt about the molecular structure of GH receptor, its binding to ligand, and the ensuing signal transduction events.     

Changes in erythrocyte membrane lipid composition affect the transient decrease in membrane order which accompanies insulin receptor down-regulation

We have recently demonstrated, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, that insulin receptor internalization in response to insulin incubation (down-regulation) in human erythrocytes is accompanied by a transient decrease in membrane order, as measured by the 2T order parameter. Since membrane lipids play such an important role in receptor internalization, we investigated the possible effects that an alteration of the normally-occurring lipid profile might have on down-regulation and the concomitant transient decrease in membrane order. Consequently, human erythrocytes enriched with cholesterol and erythrocytes from cirrhotic patients were examined, because both of these groups of cells have a higher cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio (CH/PL) than controls. The 5-nitroxystearate spin label, which inserts into the lipid bilayer of cell membranes, was used to monitor changes in 2T for a 3-h period at 37°C. We report here that both cholesterol-enriched and cirrhotic erythrocytes do not down-regulate, as demonstrated by binding assays, and that they do not show the typical transient decrease in membrane order observed in controls. The results seem to indicate that a more ordered membrane inhibits internalization of the insulin receptor in erythrocytes, and that an increase in membrane disorder is necessary for insulin receptor down-regulation.     

Biology of halophilic bacteria,Part II

Archaebacteria (archaea) are comprised of three groups of prokaryotes: extreme halophiles, methanogens and thermoacidophiles (extreme thermophiles). Their membrane phospholipids and glycolipids are derived entirely from a saturated, isopranoid glycerol diether,sn-2,3-diphytanylglycerol (archaeol) and/or its dimer, dibiphytanyldiglyceroltetraether (caldarchaeol). In extreme halophiles, the major phospholipid is the archaeol analogue of phosphatidylglycerolmethylphosphate (PGP-Me); the glycolipids are sulfated and/or unsulfated glycosyl archaeols with diverse carbohydrate structure characteristic of taxons on the generic level. Biosynthesis of these archaeol-derived polar lipids occurs in a multienzyme, membrane-bound system that is absolutely dependent on high salt concentration (4 M). The highly complex biosynthetic pathways involve intermediates containing glycerol ether-linked C₂₀-isoprenyl groups which are reduced to phytanyl groups to give the final saturated polar lipids. In methanogens, polar lipids are derived both from archaeol and caldarchaeol, and thermoacidophiles contain essentially only caldarchaeol-derived polar lipids. The function of these membrane polar lipids in maintaining the stability, fluidity and ionic properties of the cell membrane of extreme halophiles, as well as the evolutionary implications of the archaeol and caldarchaeol-derived structures will be discussed.     

流体环境中结构附加质量的计算

采用弱耦合法来分析流体与结构的耦合作用,探讨了流体环境中影响结构附加质量的因素,并推导了流体动能的计算方法.文中计算了椭圆柱体和平坦薄膜屋盖的附加质量,得到附加质量对薄膜结构的动力特性有重要影响的结论.     

新型萃取技术的应用进展

对超临界革取，微波革取，固相微革取，双水相革取，液膜革取等几种新型革取技术作了简要介绍．将几种技术的特点、应用领域及现状进行了综述，以便有利于选择利用．引用文献55篇．     

冰醋酸对于测定植物材料中超氧阴离子含量的灵敏度的影响

利用羟胺氧化法测定超氧阴离子 ,在偶氮反应试剂中加入冰醋酸能够提高检测灵敏度 5 0 % .在植物材料的O2 - · 的提取过程中同时加入EDTA和羟胺 ,抑制SOD活性并及时“固定”O2 - · ,这样所测得的O2 - · 含量更能反映体内的实际情况 .同时发现提取上清液照光不产生O2 - · ,间接验证了O2 - · 来源于光合膜系统 .     

阳极氧化电压对纳米孔阵列阳极氧化铝膜形貌的影响

阳极氧化铝是将金属铝进行阳极氧化处理后，在其表面上形成的一层氧化膜，可对金属铝起到装饰和保护的作用．20世纪末人们发现，铝在适当的阳极氧化条件下可以制得具有纳米孔阵列的阳极氧化铝膜．随着纳米科学的蓬勃发展，纳米孔阵列阳极氧化铝膜由于其具有大的比表面积、高纵横比、大小均     

鼓泡塔和内循环气升式生物反应器混合特性比较

用脉冲示踪法测试了鼓泡塔和内循环气升式生物反应器的停留时间分布，对其流动混合特性作了比较研究．结果表明，内循环气升式生物反应器停留时间分布得到改善，强化了气液传质，有更好的混合效果，提高了反应效率．多参数模型较单参数模型能显著地反映出两种反应器的混合特性及其差别，移位对数正态分布函数模型对实验值的吻合程度优于组合模型．     

质子交换膜燃料电池温度的MPC控制

根据PEMFC热量传递机理建立电堆温度的simulink模型,由于实验模型属于非线性模型,很难对其设计控制器,因此在工作点附近将系统线性展开得到其线性模型.针对线性模型设计MPC控制器,调整得到合理参数后,利用此MPC控制器调节电堆温度模型的控制输入,得到对电堆温度的理想控制效果.     

基于主元分析的气体膜分离过程RBFNN建模

构建一个基于主元分析的气体膜分离过程的RBF神经网络软测量模型,研究氢回收过程中一些难以测量的重要性能参数。在炼厂气氢回收研究中提出的通过测量间接变量建立软测量模型方案的基础上,融入主元分析思想,先对间接测量变量进行主元分析,得到为主导变量提供关键信息的变量,再建立RBF神经网络对目标变量进行研究分析。基于实验数据和RBF神经网络模型,利用MATLAB软件平台对氢回收过程的重要性能参数分析研究,仿真结果证明了此模型的正确性和理论分析的合理性。主元分析的融入简化了气体膜分离过程重要性能参数在线检测的研究过程。