负载型β-成核剂对PP结晶与熔融行为的影响

 采用纳米CaCO₃作为载体制备了负载型β-成核剂及其β-成核-PP,用DSC和XRD研究了载体纳米CaCO₃用量和负载型β-成核剂用 量对成核PP结晶与熔融行为和β-PP含量的影响,并与传统β-成核剂庚二酸钙（CaHA）成核PP比较。结果表明,负载型β-成核剂比β -成核剂CaHA成核PP具有高的结晶温度,负载型β-成核剂成核PP结晶温度随其用量增加而提高,但随载体用量增加而降低。负载型 β-晶成核剂β-成核作用高于CaHA成核剂,β-PP含量达90％以上;且负载型β-晶成核剂成核PP的β-PP含量受成核剂用量和成核剂中载 体用量影响不大。     

Lambda 900分光光度计相对反射测量方法的改进

在光学镀膜中,分光光度计常被用来对光学零件表面所镀膜层的透过率、相对反射率、绝对反射率等光特性,以及对所镀膜层的带宽、中心波长等进行测量.主要介绍Lambda 900分光光度计相对反射的测量方法;并介绍了通过增加光阑、附件及改进测量、计算方法等途径实现对自聚焦透镜及小光学元件表面减反射膜相对反射率的测量.测量精度达到设备原有测量精度要求.     

PET固相缩聚前后的结晶行为

聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)固相缩聚过程存在聚合反应与结晶偶合的现象。利用自制的固相缩聚实验装置结合差示扫描量热法(DSC)对PET固相缩聚反应中的结晶行为进行了研究。结果表明:DSC升温速率增加使PET冷结晶峰温度明显升高,结晶峰面积减小,而熔融峰温度和面积随升温速率的变化很小;等温结晶时不同结晶温度的结晶形态存在差异,结晶形态取决于温度和结晶历史;PET固相缩聚过程中结晶度随反应温度和反应时间的增加而增加,并且缩聚反应的进程促进新结晶体的生成。     

超高分子量聚乙烯的稀溶液结晶与形态

由ρ为10^-3～10^-5g/mL的稀溶液等温结晶,生长了超高分子量聚乙烯(UHPE)片晶．长达数十万A的UHPE分子链在稀溶液中彼此分离,在Regime Ⅲ结晶温区等温结晶过程中,1根分子链能多次成核,生长出多个小片晶,即形成单链多晶．由熔点估算得到片晶的厚度约22nm．形态研究证实了单链多晶的形成．并证实：随着结晶过冷度的增大,UHPE片晶的b轴与a轴方向的尺寸比由3～5降低为1,即由大尺寸的长六边形片晶转变为准六边形的小晶片．     

纳米二氧化硅填充线性低密度聚乙烯的等温结晶动力学

用DSC方法研究了纳米SiO₂含量和表面处理对填充LLDPE体系等温结晶行为的影响。结果表明,随着纳米SiO₂含量的增加,体系的结晶速率呈现先降低后增加的趋势,这是因为在高表面积纳米SiO₂变量范围内,含量较低时填料对基体结晶行为的影响以吸附作用为主,含量较高时则成核作用占优势。同时还发现,纳米SiO₂含量相同时,与硅烷偶联剂表面处理比较,偶联剂/分散剂复配处理使纳米SiO₂粒子表面的吸附层增厚,基体与粒子间的相容性增加,填料的异相成核作用明显,基体的结晶速率增加.     

硅酸盐熔体的物理化学性质研究进展及其应用

硅酸盐熔体具有高度的物理和化学活性, 是地球乃至其他类地行星内部物质和能量迁移的重要载体. 它们在地球内部层圈形成和演化的岩石学和动力学过程中发挥了关键作用. 充分了解高温高压条件下各种成分硅酸盐熔体的物理化学性质, 是正确认识与壳幔部分熔融相关的各种地质现象(如深部岩浆作用和火山喷发)的先决条件. 硅酸盐熔体自身的物理化学性质分为热力学性质(包括热力学状态函数和均相反应平衡常数)与动力学性质(包括迁移性质和均相反应速率常数). 针对硅酸盐熔体性质的研究, 近年来在高温高压实验和分析技术、计算方法(特别是第一原理分子动力学模拟)、理论模型以及熔体宏观性质与微观结构之间联系等方面都取得了很大进展. 通过与地球物理和地球化学观测的结合, 熔体性质领域的研究进展显著改进了我们对地球内部状态和地质过程的理解. 本文综述了硅酸盐熔体物理化学性质研究的成果和现状, 阐释了一些具有重要意义的应用实例, 并展望了该领域未来的研究趋势.     

圆管内CaCO_3污垢生长引起负热阻机理的数值分析

以实验研究结果为基础,采用数值模拟方法研究了圆管内CaCO_3结晶污垢生长不同时期,污垢对流场和温度场以及壁面传热特性的影响,得到了不同时期Nu/Nu_0随晶体大小的变化关系以及晶体生长过程中Nu/Nu_0随时间的变化关系。研究结果表明,圆管内CaCO_3污垢生长过程中存在负热阻阶段和正热阻阶段,负热阻阶段污垢对传热的阻碍作用小于因污垢存在而引起的扰流对传热的增强效果,即Nu/Nu_01,表现为负热阻;而正热阻阶段污垢对传热的阻碍作用大于因污垢存在而引起的扰流对传热的增强效果,即Nu/Nu_01,表现为正热阻。     

高密度聚乙烯熔体拉伸流动特性分析

基于PTT(Phan-Thien-Tanner)模型,将温度引入结点破坏率H函数中,构建新的聚合物流体本构方程.应用该方程,分析温度对聚乙烯熔体拉伸流动中拉伸应力和拉伸粘度的影响.结果显示,随着温度的升高,熔体的拉伸应力和拉伸粘度都随之下降.     

Magma mixing in upper mantle: Evidence from high Mg<Superscript>#</Superscript> olivine hosted melt inclusions in MORBs near East Pacific Rise 13°N

Early formed high-Mg^# olivine phenocrysts during evolution of MORB magmas usually host melt inclusions, which record im-portant information about the early-stage evolution of magma. Five MORB samples from near East Pacific Rise (EPR) 13°N vary little in K/Ti (0.07–0.12), Tb/Lu (1.72–1.84) and Sm/Nd (0.310–0.332) and have similar REEs patterns, indicating that depleted upper mantle has similar mineral composition. Sixty-five initial melt inclusions derived by correcting olivine fractionation and “FeO-Loss” show averagely higher MgO contents than their host rocks. Melt inclusions have higher CaO/Al₂O₃ ratios than their host rocks, and these CaO/Al₂O₃ ratios are positively and negatively correlated with MgO and Na₂O respectively, suggesting that these magmas have experienced high pressure crystallization of clinopyroxene. Average crystallization pressure, which is calculated based on the pressure dependence of clinopyroxene crystallization, is 0.83–0.25 GPa, and implys that these melt inclusions are averagely trapped in mantle depth of ~24 km. These melt inclusions show negative correlations of Ca₈/Al₈ and Na₈ with Fe₈, and wider ranges of Ca₈/Al₈, Na₈, Fe₈ and K/Ti than their host rocks, suggesting that these melt inclusions formed by mixing magmas of different melting degrees and depths. According to the average value and ranges of Ca₈/Al₈, Na₈, Fe₈ and K/Ti, these magmas would necessitate other mixing ends in shallow crust except in upper mantle. The compositional diversity of melt inclusions in MORBs phenocrysts cannot always be used to indicate magma mixing and crystallization in shallow crust, and melt inclusions in high Mg^# olivine formed under mantle pressure must be excluded in study of the magma process at crustal level. This study shows that, in EPR, MORBs have experienced mixing of magmas formed by different melting degrees and depths in the mantle.     

Magma mixing in upper mantle: Evidence from high Mg~# olivine hosted melt inclusions in MORBs near East Pacific Rise 13°N

Early formed high-Mg# olivine phenocrysts during evolution of MORB magmas usually host melt inclusions, which record im-portant information about the early-stage evolution of magma.Five MORB samples from near East Pacific Rise (EPR) 13°N vary little in K/Ti (0.07?0.12), Tb/Lu (1.72?1.84) and Sm/Nd (0.310?0.332) and have similar REEs patterns, indicating that depleted upper mantle has similar mineral composition.Sixty-five initial melt inclusions derived by correcting olivine fractionation and FeO-Loss show ...