Male panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) urine contains kinship information

Chemical communication plays an important role in kin selection and mate choice in mammals. The covariance of odor-genes of rodents has been documented and kinship odor has been proposed and termed, yet little is known of the relationship between genetic relatedness and chemical composition of kinship odors. Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) rely substantially on chemical communication to mediate their social interactions. To examine the relationship between genetic relatedness and compounds in the urine/anogenital gland secretions, we compared the similarities between genetic relatedness and the chemical profiles of anogenital gland secretions and urine via lineage construction and GC-MS (gas chromatography and mass spectrometry). We found that information about kinship odors was present only in the urine of male adults in the mating season but absent in the non-mating season. Adult females and all sub-adults did not have such kinship odors in either mating or non-mating season. Therefore, kinship odor in the panda was contingent on age, sex, and season. This is the first report about the condition-dependent expression of kinship odor, which may have a sig- nificant implication in the practice of panda conservation in relation to chemical communication and sexual selection.     

Den selection by the giant panda in Foping Nature Reserve,China

The natal den is important to reproduction success of the giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca. In this study, we tested the differences between natal dens of the giant panda and reference caves by three statistical methods, and derived the main factors influencing den selection by the giant pandas by principal component analysis (PCA). The results of difference tests indicated that nine variables, including visibility at a height of 1 m, rain proofing, aspect, position, gradient, canopy cover, coverage of bamboo, distance to water and human disturbance were significantly different. The result of PCA indicated that canopy cover was the most important factor in natal den selection by giant pandas. Distance to water, coverage of bamboo and degree of rain proofing were also important factors determining den selection by the giant pandas in Foping Nature Reserve.     

马边大风顶自然保护区大熊猫种群数量及动态分析

作者于１９９１年～１９９２年对凉山山系马边大风顶自然保护区大熊猫进行了野外生态调查．使用逆向截线法和样带法，以粪便为间接指标，调查了大熊猫的数量，并与传统的方法比较．结果表明，保护区内现有大熊猫３６±６只，以粪便大小、咬节长度和消化程度等确定了该种群的年龄结构，并结合种群的分布特征，对其动态作了分析．     

背角无齿蚌碱性磷酸酶的功能基团研究

在一定条件下，分别采用ＰＭＳＦ，ＤＴＴ，ＰＣＭＢ，ＮＢＳ，ＴＮＢＳ，ＳＵＡＮ，ＢｒＡｃ及ＩＡｃ等化学修饰剂，选择修饰背角无齿蚌碱性磷酸酶的多种氨基酸残基，并测定其酶活力变化。结果表明，ＰＭＳＦ，ＮＢＳ，ＴＮＢＳ，ＳＵＡＮ和ＤＴＴ的修饰能显著抑制酶的活力，而且活力的降低程度与修饰剂的浓度相关。ＢｒＡｃ，ＩＡｃ和ＰＣＭＢ的修饰不表现对酶的抑制作用。初步认为，Ｓｅｒ，Ｌｙｓ和Ｔｒｐ残基是背角无齿蚌碱性磷     

秦岭野生大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)对竹笋细胞壁的利用

从形态学的角度探讨了大熊猫对松花竹(Fargesia sp.)笋细胞壁的利用状况,利用石蜡切片、半薄切片和超薄切片技术,通过光镜和透射电子显微镜观察,对比研究野生大熊猫食物和粪便中的松花竹笋细胞壁的形态。发现竹笋经过大熊猫的消化后,其细胞壁在形态上有明显的变化,薄壁细胞细胞壁变薄,厚壁细胞初生壁和次生壁都有部分消失、缺损或扭曲。     

大熊猫核糖体蛋白L30亚基基因(RPL30)的cDNA克隆及序列分析

RPL30是核糖体大亚基60S的组成部分,由RPL30基因所编码,主要存在于真核生物中.根据已报道的部分哺乳动物核糖体蛋白L30亚基基因(RPL30)的相关信息设计引物,运用RT-PCR技术,以大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)的肌肉组织为材料,成功地克隆了核糖体蛋白L30亚基RPL30基因,并对其进行了测序及初步分析.结果表明:大熊猫L30亚基基因的表达序列长为388bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为348 bp,编码115个氨基酸的蛋白质,并含有6个功能位点.进一步分析发现,该基因的表达序列及其编码的氨基酸序列与已报道的人、牛、褐家鼠、小家鼠有很高的相似性,其表达序列同源性分别为93.97%,96.26%,89.66%和89.94%,其编码的氨基酸序列同源性分别为99.13%,98.26%,99.13%,99.13%,且其蛋白质的高级结构相似性也很高.     

圈养大熊猫刻板行为观察及其激素水平测定

采用聚焦动物取样(Focal sampling)和连续记录法(Continuous recording)于2003年3-4月的周六及7月22-29日9:00-16:00对北京动物园3只成年圈养大熊猫的刻板行为进行了观察,同时在各观察时段采集粪便样品,采用放射免疫测定法(RIA)测定粪便样品中肾上腺糖皮质激素(Cor)的质量分数w(Cor).结果表明:圈养大熊猫刻板行为发生频次(次·h-1)高峰期在14:00-15:00,刻板行为持续时间较长的高峰分别在9:00-10:00和15:00-16:00,该时段与人工投食的时间相吻合.在昼间刻板行为发生的低峰期(11:00-12:00)和高峰期(15:00-16:00),其发生频次和持续时间所占比例与w(Cor)并无显著相关关系(r=0.5,0.5,0.5,P＞0.05,n=3),但在其他时间段两者极其显著相关(P＜0.01).研究结果表明刻板行为的发生是由于环境胁迫所导致的Cor水平上升和不合理的管理方式引起的.     

大熊猫的疾病及其防治

本文综述了大熊猫的内外科疾病、传染病和寄生虫病的发生、治疗及预防。     

拐棍竹生物生产量的预测模型

本文利用中国大熊猫研究中心、五一棚生态研究区72个产量样方中的拐棍竹单株茎高、基径、湿重和干重等数据,建立了拐棍竹单株湿重的经验公式,湿重与干重的折算公式,为研究拐棍竹地上部分的生物生产量和大熊猫的种群动态提供了科学依据.     

从种群生存力分析看大相岭大熊猫未来

大相岭大熊猫现仅有荥河与瓦屋山两个种群,彼此隔离,数量稀少,处于极度濒危境地.本文运用VORTEX模型对大相岭大熊猫未来动态进行了探讨,结果表明在没有近亲繁殖、灾害等的影响下,种群决定性增长率r>0,显示种群有增长的潜在趋势.但由于统计随机性及环境波动等影响,大相岭大熊猫种群平均统计增长率r<0,种群将逐渐走向灭绝.荥河种群和瓦屋山种群的平均绝灭时间分别为48a和33a.竹子开花、近亲繁殖等均对种群有明显影响.为保护该地大熊猫,采取有效保护措施刻不容缓.