东山峰野生药用植物资源研究初报

首次对湖南省东山峰地区野生药用植物资源的种类、分布及蕴藏量进行了调查和分析. 结果表明:该地区现有野生药用植物410余种,隶属121科、294属.本文还提出了综合开发利用 该地野生药用植物资源的建议.     

玉兰植物内生真菌的分离筛选及活性菌株研究

采用组织块法对玉兰不同组织内生菌进行了分离,共纯化得到69株内生真菌．结果发现,玉兰植物的根、茎、叶中均可以分离得到内生真菌,根组织中的种类、数量明显多于茎和叶,占到分离总菌株数量的52％．其中分离于玉兰植物根部的No．37菌株对供试的7种病原真菌和5种病原细菌具有较强的抑制作用．经形态鉴定该菌株为层出镰刀菌．在100...     

三株桃小食心虫病原真菌的分离及形态鉴定

从山西襄汾苹果园越冬的桃小食心虫(Carposina sasakii Matsmura)采集获得自然染病的虫体,经分离纯化得到三株病原真菌,编号分别为TSL01、TSL02、TSL03,通过回接试验证明这3株菌株为桃小食心虫的病原菌.根据培养性状和显微形态观察发现:3株菌株在PDA培养基上均为白色,菌株TSL01和TSL03菌落大,可产生黄褐色或淡紫色色素.它们都产生两种类型的分生孢子,大型分生孢子,月牙形或镰刀形,有隔;小型分生孢子,椭圆形,肾形或卵圆形,假头状着生,菌丝透明有隔,轮状生长;菌株TSL02菌落较小,后期产生黄色色素,分生孢子圆柱形至梭形,串生,分生孢子梗呈"Y"形.初步鉴定菌株TSL01与菌株TSL03为镰孢菌属(Fusarium)尖孢镰孢菌(F.oxysporum),菌株TSL02为拟青霉属(Paecilomyces)粉质拟青霉(P.farinosus).这是在桃小食心虫上首次记录该两类病原菌.     

虫生真菌的遗传改良

本文主要就应用遗传学规律揭示和控制虫生真菌菌种退化,培育毒力高的生产菌株以及利用诱变、原生质体融合和DNA重组技术改良菌株,作一简要评述。     

盐胁迫下AMF对榉树幼苗生长和光合特性的影响

【目的】探究盐胁迫下接种丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)对榉树(Zelkova serrata)的生长和光合特性的影响以及光响应模型的适用性,为利用菌根真菌技术提高植物在盐碱地中的生产力提供理论依据。【方法】以榉树幼苗为试验材料,设置不接种AMF(N)、接种摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)1号(GM₁)、接种摩西球囊霉2号(GM₁)、接种扭形球囊霉(G.tortuosum,GO)4个处理组,进行盐胁迫与非盐胁迫(CK)处理。通过对比分析不同处理间的差异,探索盐胁迫下AMF对榉树生长及光合特性的影响,并评定5种光响应模型的适用性。【结果】(1)盐胁迫下GM₁、GO处理的菌根侵染率显著降低;(2)盐胁迫显著降低了榉树苗高、地径净增长量,而GM₁、GM₁处理显著提高了盐胁迫下榉树的地径净增长量;(3)盐胁迫下,榉树净光合速率明显下降,3种接菌处理均能提升榉树叶片净光合速率、气孔限制值、水分利用效率,并降低胞间CO₂浓度,其中GM₁和GO较未接菌处理变化最大;(4)盐胁迫条件下只有以叶子飘模型拟合的平均决定系数(R²)高于0.900,其余4种模型各处理的R²均低于0.900。【结论】盐胁迫对榉树幼苗生长及光合特性有抑制作用;接种AMF可以促进植物生长,提升植物净光合速率,缓解盐胁迫对植物生长及光合特性的抑制作用。综合AMF对榉树生长和光合特性的影响,GM₁较为突出,为盐碱地林业生产推荐选用菌株;5种光响应模型中,叶子飘模型的拟合效果最好,为探究盐胁迫下AMF对榉树净光合速率影响的最优模型。     

菌物多相分类研究进展

当今世界菌物的多相分类将促使菌物分类趋向于自然，对菌物的形态分类、电镜技术分类、色谱分类、数值分类、化学分类与分子分类作了一简要概述。     

The control of moldy risk during rice storage based on multivariate linear regression analysis and random forest algorithm

Clarifying the mechanism of fungi growth is of great significance for maintaining the quality during grain storage. Among the factors that affect the growth of fungi spores, the most important factors are temperature, moisture content and storage time. Therefore, through this study, a multivariate linear regression model among several important factors, such as the spore number and ambient temperature, rice moisture content and storage days, were developed based on the experimental data. In order to build a more accurate model, we introduce a random forest algorithm into the fungal spore prediction during grain storage. The established regression models can be used to predict the spore number under different ambient temperature, rice moisture content and storage days during the storage process. For the random forest model, it could control the predicted value to be of the same order of magnitude as the actual value for 99% of the original data, which have a high accuracy to predict the spore number during the storage process. Furthermore, we plot the prediction surface graph to help practitioners to control the storage environment within the conditions in the low risk region.     

真菌Penicillium sp. MO3 产生的抗菌肽AF2的分离纯化和性质的研究

从真菌Penicillium sp. M03发酵液中提取到一种具有抗菌活性的肽类物质AF2,并对其性质进行初步研究. 真菌发酵液经纱布过滤,离心后经10000D超滤膜超滤,冻干,以纯水溶解经Sephadex LH-20,DEAE Sepharose及Sephadex G-15进行分离纯化得到纯净物质,并对其基本性质进行研究. 结果证明：AF2具有典型的肽类物质特征反应,分子量约为1155,含有12种常见氨基酸,对酸碱,胰蛋白酶,β-内酰胺酶稳定,对热有较好的耐受性.     

A Case Study: Distribution of Bacterial and Fungal Aerosols in Air-Conditioning Systems in Shaanxi History Museum

In order to investigate the bacteria and fungi aerosol characteristic distribution in HVAC-system and its components at Shaanxi History Museum.Measurements were performed to probe the bacteria and fungi aerosol in HVAC systems,located at Xi'an city,China.The results showed that there was fungi growth inside the ventilation ducts,fungi contamination was worse than bacteria,and both of them were distributed into occu-pied space with the air supply ducts.The dominating genera of fungi was found to be Penicillium spp. and As-Pergillus spp.,which was respectively 46.1%and 20.7% in settling fungi, and the dominating genera of fungi in dust were Cladosporium spp.and Penicillium spp., which was 41.8%and 30.1%respectively.It suggests that available measures to improve and control the performance of HVAC-systems such as the maintenance,management and cleaning should be taken to prevent this pollution and to develop strategies to keep this pollution away.     

基于文献可视化分析的我国药食同源研究进展

本文以中国知网(CNKI)数据库收录的1 076篇中文文献及Web of Science (WOS)核心合集数据库收录的3 794篇英文文献为研究对象，采用CiteSpace软件对药食同源领域研究现状和趋势进行可视化分析，以期为药食同源科学研究及产业发展提供数据参考。结果表明：药食同源发文数量总体呈上升趋势，尤其是2010年以后快速上升；发文机构共现图谱具有“小集中，大分散”的特点；中、英文文献来源最多的期刊分别是《食品工业科技》和International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms;中、英文文献中发文量大于20篇的学者分别有22人和35人；对中、英文文献各关键词聚类影响程度最深的分别是“药食同源”和“purification”;2010年以后药食同源研究分支和研究成果大量涌现，新技术和新工艺促进其在食品、药品、保健品等产品中的应用。总体来看，传统药籍挖掘、植物有效成分、栽培技术、新食品工艺、中医药产业和大健康产业发展等是未来研究的热点。