Microhabitat selection in the sand recluse spider (Sicarius thomisoides): the effect of rock size and temperature

In spiders, temperature is considered an important environmental variable for microhabitat selection. In this study, we evaluated the effect of temperature and rock size on the presence of the sand recluse spider Sicarius thomisoides and the degree of selectivity in different locations. This species is a large spider that lives under rocks in desert and semi-desert climates and is particularly active during the summer. In Chile, these spiders can be found at both coastal and inland locations under different thermal conditions, where usually the temperatures are lower near the coast. If large-scale climatic conditions are important for this species, they may be expected to select lower rock temperatures on the coast than at inland locations. In addition, we would expect that the spiders would choose larger rocks in inland compared to coast locations, which reduce the effect of high temperatures. We found that the probability of finding individuals of this species increased according to rock temperature and rock size in the field. Our results suggest that S. thomisoides prefers larger and warmer rocks to shelter under during the day, this selectivity being similar at both coastal and inland locations. Thus, this species tends to select rocks with the same thermal and structural conditions, independent of the climatic conditions.     

Forecast Combination and Bayesian Model Averaging: A Prior Sensitivity Analysis

In this study we evaluate the forecast performance of model‐averaged forecasts based on the predictive likelihood carrying out a prior sensitivity analysis regarding Zellner's g prior. The main results are fourfold. First, the predictive likelihood does always better than the traditionally employed ‘marginal’ likelihood in settings where the true model is not part of the model space. Secondly, forecast accuracy as measured by the root mean square error (RMSE) is maximized for the median probability model. On the other hand, model averaging excels in predicting direction of changes. Lastly, g should be set according to Laud and Ibrahim (1995: Predictive model selection. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B 57 : 247–262) with a hold‐out sample size of 25% to minimize the RMSE (median model) and 75% to optimize direction of change forecasts (model averaging). We finally apply the aforementioned recommendations to forecast the monthly industrial production output of six countries, beating for almost all countries the AR(1) benchmark model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用高等数学方法证明不等式问题探究

主要讨论如何利用高等数学的方法证明不等式的问题,提出了常用的几种方法,并归纳出解题方法和基本思路.     

尾矿坝振动实验数据样本容量的优化研究

针对铀尾矿坝振动实验逸出氡累积浓度数据样本容量设计的主观性,本文基于偏向角绝对值均值递减还原逸出氡累积浓度曲线,采用随机起点等距抽样方法,得到不同样本容量的数据子集;通过曲线拟合和样本决定系数度量不同子集对还原实验数据集的代表能力。在保障实验研究精度条件下,得到使实验成本较优的最小样本容量,实验结果表明在样本决定系数大于0.98时,优化后样本容量为实验数据样本容量的10%以下。     

蒸发结晶系统传热传质规律的研究

工业蒸发结晶是一个复杂的多相传热与传质过程,其传热传质规律直接决定着晶体的成核和生长,并最终决定产品的粒度分布。根据双步结晶理论,对蒸发结晶的成核和生长动力学进行分析,建立了成核和生长的理论模型。该模型准确描述了蒸发结晶的生长规律,对其中参数的求取和分析可以确定结晶的控制步骤。研究以氯碱工业中烧碱提纯单元NaCl蒸发结晶为例,通过对模型参数的求取,分析NaCl蒸发结晶过程的控制步骤。结果显示,在高温和低流速下,NaCl结晶受扩散过程控制。从而以扩散控制理论为基础,建立了NaCl蒸发结晶的传质传热模型。综合考虑了温度、流速、过饱和度、晶体粒度对结晶粒度分布的影响规律,建立了涵盖各个参数的数学模型。结合粒数衡算,进行了模型计算,得到结晶粒度与操作参数的关系。模型计算结果与实际结果吻合良好,表明该模型可以很好地表示蒸发结晶过程中各操作参数对结晶粒度分布的影响规律。     

一种基于纹理过滤和中值滤波的牌照定位方法

提出一种基于纹理过滤和中值滤波的牌照定位方法,根据牌照字符纹理图案提出纹理过滤,利用行跳变扫描边缘,进行粗定位,然后采用中值滤波方法进行进一步精确定位。该方法简单,对牌照底色没有要求。经大量试验检测,定位准确率达到98．9％。     

蒙特卡罗方法的尺寸效应

通过Monte Carlo方法对硬胶球系统的排空作用进行了研究。在模拟研究中,通过对不同尺寸单元内胶体的排空力的研究揭示尺寸效应的存在。研究结果显示当模拟单元的尺寸较小时。同一浓度胶体的排空力与尺寸较大的系统会有明显的变化．而当模拟盒子的尺寸较大时,同一浓度胶体的排空力基本不变化。     

Gas-liquid phase coexistence and finite-size effects in a two-dimensional Lennard-Jones system

The gas-liquid phase coexistence in a two-dimensional Lennard-Jones system is investigated using Maxwell construction method together with molecular dynamics simulations.The results of phase coexistence in different truncations of the potential are compared with data obtained from the literature,and the corresponding critical properties calculated.The crossover from Ising-like to mean field behavior is observed and confirmed as the temperature approaches the critical point from below.Performing simulations on systems with different sizes,we find that a finite size effect is more significant than those shown in most of the previous results,and a lower critical temperature is obtained when the full extent of this finite size effect is considered.     

Spatial prisoner’s dilemma games with increasing size of the interaction neighborhood on regular lattices

We studied the evolution of cooperation in the prisoner’s dilemma game on a square lattice where the size of the interaction neighborhood is considered. Firstly, the effects of noise and the cost-to-benefit ratio on the maintenance of cooperation were investigated. The results indicate that the cooperation frequency depends on the noise and cost-to-benefit ratio: cooperation reaches a climax as noise increases, but it monotonously decreases and even vanishes with the ratio increasing. Furthermore, we investigated how the size of the interaction neighborhood affects the emergence of cooperation in detail. Our study demonstrates that cooperation is remarkably enhanced by an increase in the size of the interaction neighborhood. However, cooperation died out when the size of the interaction neighborhood became too large since the system was similar to the mean-field system. On this basis, a cluster-forming mechanism acting among cooperators was also explored, and it showed that the moderate range of the neighborhood size is beneficial for forming larger cooperative clusters. Finally, large-scale Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to visualize and interpret these phenomena explicitly.     

边染色9-临界图边数的新下界

针对Vizirtg猜想△为9的情况，运用Discharging差值转移方法研究了9-临界图的边数下界，得到了新结论：m≥10^-36n,改进了已有结果。