高管薪酬、股权性质与公司绩效相关性研究

随着市场经济的快速发展,高管在公司中的地位越来越重要,对高管实行有效激励会给公司带来更大效益;此外,随着公司股权性质的不同导致高管薪酬对公司绩效的影响也不同,本文以沪深两市A股上市公司2014～2018年相关数据为样本数据,实证分析我国上市公司高管薪酬与公司绩效之间的关系;对比分析了国有和非国有上市公司公司高管薪酬对公司绩效的影响.结果发现:我国上市公司公司高管薪酬与绩效之间存在显著正相关关系,且非国有上市公司高管薪酬对绩效有更显著的正向作用.而且根据结论提出通过完善公司的薪酬激励制度以及对公司监督、约束机制加强管理来有效提高公司的绩效.     

本土情境下股权集中度与技术创新绩效关系的再审视—— 一项元分析

股权集中度与技术创新绩效间的关系一直是公司治理的热点.为了进一步明确二者间的关系,揭示其边界条件,本文采用Meta回归方法,对57项实证研究的139个独立样本进行了归纳分析.结果表明:股权集中度与创新绩效之间存在微弱正相关关系,非线性关系并不显著;董事会结构、企业特征、外部环境在不同程度上对股权集中度与技术创新绩效之间的关系起调节作用;股权集中测量方式的不同不会在股权集中度与创新绩效的关系界定上产生显著差异;技术创新绩效评价方式下,采用R&D评价方式会产生明显偏差,而采用专利申请数和综合指标评价则较为稳健.     

环境绩效、绿色技术创新与企业价值-基于重污染行业上市公司

改革开放以来,我国工业取得了突飞猛进的发展,但也由此带来了一系列高污染、高排放和资源高消耗的环境能源问题,使我们的生态环境遭到严重破坏.企业作为维护社会绿色发展的主要成员之一,应当率先履行其相应的环境保护义务,但在履行义务的同时,企业需要在环境管理上加大投入,这可能导致企业最终无法实现股东财富最大化的目标.因此本研究选取了沪深两市A股在2010～2016年社会责报告中所披露的在环保和污染费用投入方面比较典型的重污染企业作为样本,着重分析了环境绩效、绿色技术创新和企业价值三者之间的相互关系,结果表明:(1)企业环境绩效对企业价值存在负向引导作用;(2)绿色技术创新能力可以提升企业环境绩效;(3)绿色技术创新水平会削弱环境绩效与企业价值的负面影响;(4)与非国有企业相比,国有企业的这种抑制性关系更加显著.     

先进高强钢DP590焊缝的组织特征和力学性能改善

The effects of the welding current mode in resistance spot welding on the microstructure and mechanical properties of advanced high-strength steel dual-phase 590 (DP590) sheets were investigated. Results showed that a rough martensitic structure was formed in the weld zone of the sample welded via the single-pulsed mode, whereas the microstructure in the heat-affected zone consisted of a very rough martensitic microstructure and rough ferrite. However, using the secondary pulse mode led to the formation of tempered martensite in the weld zone. The maximum load and the energy absorption to failure of the samples with the secondary pulsed cycle were higher than those of the samples with the single-pulsed mode. Tensile shear results indicated that the secondary pulsed mode could significantly change the mode of failure upon shear tension testing. Therefore, the obtained results suggest that the use of secondary pulsed mode can improve the microstructural feature and mechanical properties of advanced high-strength steel DP590 welds.     

原位纳米增强高强韧钢氢脆性能研究

We investigated the critical influence of in-situ nanoparticles on the mechanical properties and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of high-strength steel. The results reveal that the mechanical strength and elongation of quenched and tempered steel (919 MPa yield strength, 17.11% elongation) are greater than those of hot-rolled steel (690 MPa yield strength, 16.81% elongation) due to the strengthening effect of in-situ Ti₃O₅–Nb(C,N) nanoparticles. In addition, the HE susceptibility is substantially mitigated to 55.52%, approximately 30% lower than that of steels without in-situ nanoparticles (84.04%), which we attribute to the heterogeneous nucleation of the Ti₃O₅ nanoparticles increasing the density of the carbides. Compared with hard TiN inclusions, the spherical and soft Al₂O₃–MnS core–shell inclusions that nucleate on in-situ Al₂O₃ particles could also suppress HE. In-situ nanoparticles generated by the regional trace-element supply have strong potential for the development of high-strength and hydrogen-resistant steels.     

高熵合金及其相关复合材料的粉末冶金综述

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted increasing attention because of their unique properties, including high strength, hardness, chemical stability, and good wear resistance. Powder metallurgy is one of the most important methods used to fabricate HEA materials. This paper introduces the methods used to synthesize HEA powders and consolidate HEA bulk. The phase transformation, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties of HEAs obtained by powder metallurgy are summarized. We also address HEA-related materials such as ceramic–HEA cermets and HEA-based composites fabricated by powder metallurgy.     

焊接速度对自适应双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接Al–Mg合金接头微观组织和机械性能的影响

The butt welds of 4-mm thick 5A06 aluminum alloy plates were produced by adjustable-gap bobbin-tool friction stir travel with travel speeds of 200, 300, and 400 mm/min in this study. The microstructure was studied using optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Tensile tests and microhardness measurements were performed to identify the effect of the travel speed on the joint mechanical properties. Sound joints were obtained at 200 mm/min while voids were present at different positions of the joints as the travel speed increased. The EBSD results show that the grain size, high angle grain boundaries, and density of geometrically necessary dislocations in different regions of the joint vary depending on the recovery and recrystallization behavior. Specific attention was given to the relationship between the local microstructure and mechanical properties. Microhardness measurements show that the average hardness of the stir zone (SZ) was greater than that of the base material, which was only affected slightly by the travel speed. The tensile strength of the joint decreased with increasing travel speed and the maximal strength efficiency reached 99%.     

混凝土-混凝土层间界面的性能及在组合混凝土 结构中的应用评述

混凝土?混凝土层间界面普遍存在于混凝土结构中,界面的抗剪性能是保障不同区域混凝土共同工作的基础。介绍了混凝土?混凝土层间界面的剪力传递机制、剪应力设计表达式、黏结性能及界面性能的影响因素,探讨了混凝土?混凝土层间界面的耐久性。最后,建立了组合混凝土结构中界面的概念设计框架。     

截面形式对R UHPC梁抗弯承载力的影响

为明确截面形式对UHPC抗拉强度在钢筋超高性能混凝土(R-UHPC)梁抗弯承载力贡献的影响,考虑实测得到的7种不同钢纤维掺量UHPC的抗拉和抗压性能,对矩形、箱形和T形R-UHPC梁进行抗弯承载力计算,构建并分析抗拉强度贡献率、抗压强度利用率等指标.结果表明:UHPC根据其硬化段长短和其极限应变与钢筋屈服应变的关系,可划分为U0、 U1和U2类材料. UHPC抗拉强度的贡献率与截面形式有关:矩形梁箱形梁T形梁,对U1和U2类UHPC的矩形梁或箱形梁,宜考虑其抗拉强度对梁抗弯承载力的贡献.材料设计时,若考虑UHPC抗拉强度的作用,宜采用U2类材料.截面设计时, UHPC抗拉强度的贡献,矩形梁应考虑,箱形梁可考虑, T形梁可不考虑,宜采用箱形、 I形或工形梁截面以提高抗拉强度贡献. UHPC抗压强度利用率,随纤维掺量的增大而下降,利用率在45.5%～60.2%范围.工程应用时,可应用UHPC-NC叠合梁或预应力UHPC梁以提高抗压强度利用率.     

预应力钢丝绳-聚合物砂浆面层抗弯加固持荷RC梁数值分析及承载力计算

建立预应力钢丝绳-聚合物砂浆面层抗弯加固钢筋混凝土(RC)梁的有限元模型(FEM),并利用已有的试验数据验证模型的准确性.基于有限元模型,进行不同持荷比下加固梁的力学性能研究.结果表明:建立的有限元模型可较好地解决持荷条件下钢丝绳-聚合物砂浆面层与RC梁之间单元不协调变形等问题;随着持荷比的提高,加固梁的极限承载力提高幅度逐渐减小;当预加载低于未加固梁极限承载力的20%时,混凝土损伤较小,不考虑预加载的影响;当预加载高于未加固梁极限承载力的20%时,需考虑加固材料滞后应变对加固试件极限承载力的影响.基于平截面假定和钢丝绳滞后应变,提出抗弯加固持荷RC梁的极限承载力计算公式,其计算结果与数值分析结果吻合良好.