水下核爆作用下混凝土重力坝模型破坏试验

采用落锤冲击模拟水下核爆的一次冲击波对混凝土重力坝的作用.试验遵循弹性-重力联合相似准则,并以冲量相似条件确定冲击摆的质量与悬挂高度.对两种坝体和坝基接触条件,即一种在平滑基底上筑坝,一种在锚固基底上筑坝,开展模型坝的冲击试验,得到模型坝体的动力特性.试验结果表明,坝体破坏模式包括贯穿性断裂、滑移、碎裂、层裂和抛掷等.并初步研究了核爆输入能量和大坝耗散能量之间的平衡关系.     

正常人脐静脉内皮细胞的原子力显微镜观察

目的:利用原子力显微镜(AFM)在单细胞水平分析正常人脐静脉内皮细胞的形貌特征和机械性质,为了解内皮细胞结构与功能的关系奠定基础.方法:新鲜人脐静脉内灌注质量分数为0.25%胰蛋白酶消化,获得人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs),M199培养基进行培养,免疫细胞化学检测内皮细胞第Ⅷ因子的表达.将体外培养的HUVECs用质量...     

热处理对镍基合金涂层与基体结合界面的影响

通过热浸镀法在普碳钢表面成功制备镍基合金涂层.为了提高镍基合金涂层与钢基体之间的结合强度,对镀有镍基合金涂层的基体进行了热处理.研究了热处理前、后结合界面处的显微组织和力学性能.结果表明,与热处理前相比,热处理后界面附近的涂层中析出物长大,界面处存在不连续块状铁的硼化物,界面两侧镍、铁互扩散距离增加,靠近界面的过渡带由5～8μm变为20μm.热处理前、后涂层均由γ-(Fe,Ni)、CrB、Cr2B和Cr3C2等相组成,过渡带相组成为γ-(Fe,Ni)、微量CrB和Fe23(C,B)6.热处理后,显微硬度由界面向涂层内逐渐增加,界面结合强度由140MPa提高到200MPa.     

Influence of B,Al and Nb addition on the glass forming ability and stability of mechanically alloyed Zr-Ni amorphous alloys

We investigated the influence of minor additions of B,Al and Nb that have representative atomic sizes on the glass forming ability (GFA) and stability of Zr-Ni amorphous alloys during mechanical alloying. The results show that the minor addition of B,Al or Nb does not shorten the initial time of the full amorphization reaction or improve the glass forming ability of the Zr-Ni alloys at a low rotation speed. However,B addition can effectively improve the mechanical stability of the amorphous phase against me...     

Role of locust <Emphasis Type="Italic">Locusta migratoria manilensis</Emphasis> claws and pads in attaching to substrates

The present study attempts to investigate the role of rigid claws and smooth adhesive pads in the locust Locusta migratoria manilensis,when attaching to various substrates.We measured the attachment forces on sandpaper and silicate glass plate of locusts with intact attachment system,and those with either the pretarsal claws or the tarsal pads having been entirely destroyed,to explore the role of pads and claws when a locust is walking on various substrates.To obtain information about morphological characteristics and material properties of the claws,we examined the intact and fractured claws by scanning electron microscopy,and tested the fractural force in a fracture experiment.We proposed a mechanical model for locust climbing on a slanting surface to analyze the conduction and final result of the attachment forces generated by the attachment organs on the fore-,mid-and hindlegs.Attachment forces generated by locusts with destroyed pads were similar to those generated by locusts with intact attachment system on both substrates,which presumably indicated that the claws have a significantly important role when attaching to various substrates.The result of the fracture experiment demonstrated that the claws are made of relatively stiff material,and their shear strength ranged between 39-45 MPa.Mechanical analysis of locust climbing on slanting surface showed that the force generated by the hindlegs suspended the whole body of locust up from the surface and pushed the body forward,while the midlegs steadily suspended the centre of gravity and the forelegs pulled the suspended body forward.The results obtained contribute to the further interpretation of the interaction mechanisms between insect attachment system and substrates,and supply information for designing and manufacturing slippery plates for trapping plague locusts.     

大口径光学元件微纳加工与检测技术研究与应用

超精密金刚石砂轮磨削是大口径先进光学元件微纳加工的主要技术,是实现确定性批量加工的重要保证.以实现高精度、高效率、高自动化程度加工为目的,阐述了大口径光学元件微纳加工与检测的加工技术系统,详细分析高精度加工设备及工艺控制、大尺寸检测、加工环境监控、快速抛光、表面织构化等研究应用情况.     

大型衍射光栅刻划机控制系统研究

介绍了大型高精度衍射光栅刻划机的机械结构及其控制系统设计,并针对具有复杂机械结构的控制系统研究了一种新的仿真方法.通过利用Pro/Mechanism模块中的Custom Load(定制负荷)插件实现控制算法,从而在虚拟样机上实现运动控制的仿真.采用这种方法,在光栅刻划机上进行了精定位控制仿真,并基于仿真结果进行控制方案优化,提高了控制系统的开发效率和控制方案的有效性.     

家具用木粉改性聚氨酯仿木材料性能的研究

通过对家具用木粉改性聚氨酯仿木材料的密度、压缩强度、弯曲强度、表面硬度和阻燃等性能的测试,分析了木粉添加量、木粉粒度、材料密度等对聚氨酯仿木材料力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着木粉添加量的增加或木粉粒径的减小,聚氨酯泡沫材料的压缩强度有所提高,而弯曲强度和表面硬度却有所下降;随着聚氨酯泡沫材料密度的增大,其压缩强度、弯曲强度和表面硬度都近乎线性增加;随着复合阻燃剂用量的增加,泡沫材料的氧指数也线性增加。     

水泥稳定钢渣 碎石路面基层材料试验研究

利用钢渣的活性,避免钢渣的不稳定性,添加碎石,优选级配,对不同比例组合水泥稳定钢渣碎石路面基层材料进行了击实、无侧限抗压强度、间接抗拉强度、稳定性和抗冲刷等试验,并对各项力学性能指标做了深入分析．试验与分析显示,只要设计得当,水泥稳定钢渣碎石完全可以满足路面基层材料使用性能要求．作为工业废渣的钢渣在路面基层的合理有效应用,可以节约石料开采的费用,减少钢渣废弃的污染,实现经济和环境保护的双重效益．     

海藻酸/淀粉/羧甲基纤维素共混膜的结构与性能研究

利用溶液共混法制备了新型共混膜:海藻酸/淀粉/羧甲基纤维素共混膜,通过红外光谱、X-射线衍射、原子吸收光谱、扫描电镜、热重分析和差示量热扫描等对共混膜的结构进行了表征,并测定了不同配比共混膜的透光率、抗张强度、断裂伸长率、水蒸汽透过率和吸水率.结果表明:共混膜中海藻酸、淀粉和羧甲基纤维素之间具有较强的相互作用和良好的相容性.共混膜具有良好的力学性能,在生物材料领域有潜在利用价值.