铝、硅添加对方镁石-铝镁尖晶石质免烧耐火材料性能的影响

采用电熔镁砂和电熔尖晶石为主要原料,以葡萄糖和水合硫酸铝为复合结合剂,以金属铝粉和单质硅为添加剂,制备方镁石-铝镁尖晶石质免烧耐火材料,研究了不同热处理温度下铝加入量及硅铝复合添加对耐火材料显微结构、烧结性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着铝粉加入量的增加,方镁石-铝镁尖晶石免烧耐火材料经不同温度处理后的线膨胀率、常温抗折强度和常温耐压强度增加,并且高温抗折强度也不断提高;另外,金属铝和单质硅的添加会引起耐火材料在升温过程中的增重并减少材料的体积膨胀,从而进一步提高材料的常温力学性能。     

先进高强钢DP590焊缝的组织特征和力学性能改善

The effects of the welding current mode in resistance spot welding on the microstructure and mechanical properties of advanced high-strength steel dual-phase 590 (DP590) sheets were investigated. Results showed that a rough martensitic structure was formed in the weld zone of the sample welded via the single-pulsed mode, whereas the microstructure in the heat-affected zone consisted of a very rough martensitic microstructure and rough ferrite. However, using the secondary pulse mode led to the formation of tempered martensite in the weld zone. The maximum load and the energy absorption to failure of the samples with the secondary pulsed cycle were higher than those of the samples with the single-pulsed mode. Tensile shear results indicated that the secondary pulsed mode could significantly change the mode of failure upon shear tension testing. Therefore, the obtained results suggest that the use of secondary pulsed mode can improve the microstructural feature and mechanical properties of advanced high-strength steel DP590 welds.     

原位纳米增强高强韧钢氢脆性能研究

We investigated the critical influence of in-situ nanoparticles on the mechanical properties and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of high-strength steel. The results reveal that the mechanical strength and elongation of quenched and tempered steel (919 MPa yield strength, 17.11% elongation) are greater than those of hot-rolled steel (690 MPa yield strength, 16.81% elongation) due to the strengthening effect of in-situ Ti₃O₅–Nb(C,N) nanoparticles. In addition, the HE susceptibility is substantially mitigated to 55.52%, approximately 30% lower than that of steels without in-situ nanoparticles (84.04%), which we attribute to the heterogeneous nucleation of the Ti₃O₅ nanoparticles increasing the density of the carbides. Compared with hard TiN inclusions, the spherical and soft Al₂O₃–MnS core–shell inclusions that nucleate on in-situ Al₂O₃ particles could also suppress HE. In-situ nanoparticles generated by the regional trace-element supply have strong potential for the development of high-strength and hydrogen-resistant steels.     

直接使用半固态等温热处理法将工业冷轧ZL104铝合金制备成半固态坯

Semi-solid isothermal heat treatment was proposed to directly process cold-rolled ZL104 aluminum alloys and obtain semi-solid billets. The effects of two process parameters, namely, temperature and processing time, on the microstructure and hardness of the resulting billets were also experimentally examined. Average grain size (AGS) increased and the shape factor (SF) of the grain improved as the process temperature increased. The SF of the grain also increased with increasing processing time, and the AGS was augmented when the processing time was prolonged from 5 to 20 min at 570°C. The hardness of the aluminum alloy decreased because of the increase in AGS with increasing temperature and processing time. The optimal temperature and time for the preparation of semi-solid ZL104 aluminum alloys were 570°C and 5 min, respectively. Under optimal process parameters, the AGS, SF, and hardness of the resulting alloy were 35.88 μm, 0.81, and 55.24 MPa, respectively. The Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner relationship was analyzed to determine the coarsening rate constant at 570°C, and a rate constant of 1357.2 μm3/s was obtained.     

高熵合金及其相关复合材料的粉末冶金综述

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted increasing attention because of their unique properties, including high strength, hardness, chemical stability, and good wear resistance. Powder metallurgy is one of the most important methods used to fabricate HEA materials. This paper introduces the methods used to synthesize HEA powders and consolidate HEA bulk. The phase transformation, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties of HEAs obtained by powder metallurgy are summarized. We also address HEA-related materials such as ceramic–HEA cermets and HEA-based composites fabricated by powder metallurgy.     

焊接速度对自适应双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接Al–Mg合金接头微观组织和机械性能的影响

The butt welds of 4-mm thick 5A06 aluminum alloy plates were produced by adjustable-gap bobbin-tool friction stir travel with travel speeds of 200, 300, and 400 mm/min in this study. The microstructure was studied using optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Tensile tests and microhardness measurements were performed to identify the effect of the travel speed on the joint mechanical properties. Sound joints were obtained at 200 mm/min while voids were present at different positions of the joints as the travel speed increased. The EBSD results show that the grain size, high angle grain boundaries, and density of geometrically necessary dislocations in different regions of the joint vary depending on the recovery and recrystallization behavior. Specific attention was given to the relationship between the local microstructure and mechanical properties. Microhardness measurements show that the average hardness of the stir zone (SZ) was greater than that of the base material, which was only affected slightly by the travel speed. The tensile strength of the joint decreased with increasing travel speed and the maximal strength efficiency reached 99%.     

亚稳奥氏体对高强度海洋工程用钢力学性能的影响

采用力学性能测试、组织观察等方法研究临界退火和不同温度回火对海洋工程用钢显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,实验钢经两相区退火和不同温度回火后,获得了回火马氏体及不同体积分数(0~6%)的残余奥氏体.随实验钢中残余奥氏体体积分数的增加,屈服强度从753MPa降低到506MPa,抗拉强度介于794~843MPa,屈强比从0.9降低到0.6,延伸率从31.3%提高到36.2%.实验钢中残余奥氏体能够提高冲击塑性变形能力并阻碍裂纹扩展,在-80℃冲击功达到236J,然而热稳定性差的残余奥氏体在低温下优先转变成马氏体并降低了低温韧性,冲击功下降到136J.     

调质工艺对V微合金油井管用钢力学性能的影响

为应对复杂苛刻的工作环境,开发出可以达到Q125钢级标准的高抗拉、抗压和抗挤毁性能的油井管用钢,研究了调质工艺对V微合金化试样微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:经调质处理后的实验钢的微观组织主要是回火马氏体和微量贝氏体,碳化物大量析出,使材料具有良好的综合力学性能.较低的回火温度和较长的回火时间可增加碳化物的析出量,从而增强沉淀强化作用.在610℃下回火70min的综合力学性能最佳,屈服强度、抗拉强度及伸长率分别可达954MPa,989MPa及13.5%. 0℃冲击功横向为25J,轧向为46J,满足Q125钢级油井管标准要求.     

宋式二级燕尾榫特殊结构的力学性能分析

为了更好地分析燕尾榫结构的力学性能,建立了二折线多参数力学结构,并进行了适用于木结构的力学分析试验.然后,根据力学平衡与变形协调关系公式,提出了燕尾榫节点计算公式.研究结果表明,燕尾榫的变形主要集中在榫头与卯口的接触处,当单向载荷变大时,其弯矩也变大,容易对接触面造成损伤.荷载-位移曲线和极限荷载-竖向荷载曲线显示,当竖向荷载增加时,极限荷载也随之增加;当极限载荷达到屈服临界点时,位移的增加量变小并趋于平稳.     

天然气加热炉内介质水非稳态耦合热流场研究

设计制造高效节能的加热气化设备是油气工业中迫切需要解决的问题。本文深入研究天然气加热炉传热机理,开创性地构建了大空间非稳态自然对流及介质参与性辐射耦合传热模型,求解水作为中间载热介质的天然气加热炉内非稳态耦合热流场,并通过天然气加热、传热流动试验平台,对边界条件进行试验校准并验证了数值分析模型的正确性。结果显示,加热炉内流场不均,整体循环不佳,加热炉的启动时间为2.5 h,加热效率仅为83.5%,介质参与性辐射占总传热量的24.5%。显然,传统加热炉结构有待优化,且介质参与性辐射影响不可忽略。