WTO与我国建材行业发展的趋势——兼论建材行业人才需求的新变化

本文论述了我国进入世贸组织后,建材行业发展将遇到的机遇与挑战;预测了建材行业的发展趋势及人才需求动向;提出创办材料方面的新专业应充分考虑复合型人才的培养.     

多节状SiC晶须的合成及在矿冶工程材料中的应用

运用TEM、XRD等分析检测技术对SiCw的形貌结构、长度与直径分布及其应用于复合材料中的特性进行了检测。研究表明：SiCw产品以直晶为主，表面呈多节状，以-SiC为主要晶型，直径为0.2～1.5m,长度为30～200m。此外，作者对SiCw在矿冶工程材料中的应用进行了展望。     

Synthesis and characterization of bifunctional terbium complex-based nanoparticles

Novel bifunctional terbium complex-based nanoparticles were developed using a modified Stber method and a layer-by-layer assembly process. A magnetic core of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was coated with a silica shell to form the first layer. Then a ternary Tb3+ complex (TESPPA-Tb), which acted as a luminescent marker, was covalently bound to the silica surface by stable Si-O-Si bonds. The TESPPA monomer was synthesized by binding pyridine 2,6-dicarboxylic acid to 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, which was used as a ligand for coordination with the Tb3+ ions. An outer shell of silica was applied to the nanoparticles to allow for versatility with surface functionalization. The nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultravioletvisible spectroscopy, vibration sample magnetometer, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The bifunctional nanoparticles exhibited favorable superparamagnetic behavior and photoluminescence properties of Tb3+. These nanoparticles have potential applications in biolabeling, bioseparation, immunoassays, and pathogenic diagnosis.     

Synthesis of novel superhard materials under ultrahigh pressure

Superhard materials are solids whose Vickers hardness is beyond 40 GPa. They have wide applications in industry such as cutting and polishing tools, wear-resistant coatings. Most preparations of superhard materials are conducted under extreme pressure and temperature conditions, not only for scientific investigations, but also for the practical applications. In this paper, we would introduce the recent progress on the design and preparations of novel superhard materials, mainly on nanopolycrystalline diamond, B–C–N superhard solid solutions, and cubic-Si3N4/diamond nanocomposites prepared under ultrahigh pressure and high temperature（HPHT）, using multi-anvil apparatus based on the hinged-type cubic press. Bulk materials of all these superhard phases have been successfully synthesized and are systematically tested. We emphasize that ultra-HPHT method plays an important role in the scientific research and industrial production of superhard materials. It provides the driving forces for the light elements forming novel superhard phases as well as the way for sintering high-density nanosuperhard materials.     

金属断裂特性与IPE孕震模式的类比研究

本文简要介绍了IPE孕震模式,通过对金属的断裂特性和表现形式与地震孕育的类比分析,把金属材料的断裂实验结果引入到IPE模式的研究,为孕震机理的研究提供了一种新途径。     

提高Si_3N_4结合SiC棚板坯体成型密度的研究

为了获得性能优良的Ｓｉ３Ｎ４－ＳｉＣ棚板，就棚板制造过程中的配料及成型工艺等问题进行了实验研究，探讨了提高Ｓｉ３Ｎ４－ＳｉＣ棚板坯体密度的最佳途径。实验表明：振动成型时，振动时间和振动压力要匹配适当，才能得到最佳的坯体密度。工艺调整适当后，Ｓｉ３Ｎ４－ＳｉＣ棚板实际使用寿命可达５００次以上。     

阻燃机理研究及纸箱制品阻燃防潮剂制备新工艺

探讨了阻燃剂对材料燃烧性质影响的作用机理，介绍了新型阻燃防潮剂的制备方法。研究结果表明，该产品具有涂膜牢固，成本低，无污染等特点。     

邻菲咯啉金属络合物型发光材料的合成及性能研究

设计并通过4步合成了一种新型的联有邻菲咯啉配位基和发光性能优良的萘基的金属络合物型发光材料化合物（PAN）2Zn,并对其进行了表征.研究表明,最佳的反应条件为：硼酸酯用三异丙基硼酸酯,超声功率为175W,超声时间为15 min,C-C偶合反应的催化剂Pb（OAc）2/P（Ph）3=1∶4（mol）,温度为140℃.另外对它的光物理性能进行了初步的研究,结果表明：（PAN）2Zn的最大发射波长为360 nm,并且能够形成激基缔合物,存在明显的溶剂效应,是比较理想的蓝光材料.     

论裂纹扩展过程中的流变与耗散现象（Ⅱ）

本文根据非局部场理论,从对裂纹扩展过程中流变与耗散现象的大量观察和研究,建立了裂纹体在裂纹扩展过程中的热力平衡方程。在引入质量、线动量和能量等的贡献之后,证明了裂纹体的局部动量和局部能量在裂纹扩展过程中均不守恒,而且诸热力学量对裂纹扩展所造成的新表面的贡献可用其局部化剩余来表示。从流变理论和耗散理论出发,建立非局部热力平衡基本方程后,论证了前文提出的关于裂纹扩展过程的五个基本观点。从耗散势函数出发建立了热流变性材料的非局部本构关系。如果这种本构关系对于每个独立体元和时间增量均能导出它的局部化形式,则可提出表面-体积能量密度理论。在体积随表面变化的意义上,给出耗散与不可逆性的定义。从而正确认识涉及体积和表面变化的热能与机械能交换的本质。本文与前文证明了裂纹扩展的全过程本质上是一个非线性非平衡态不可逆热力学过程,进一步完善了流变断裂学的理论基础。     

Discussion of the Constitutive Relation on Cyclic Stress-Strain of Engineering Materials

Based on the experimental results and analysis of the cyclic deformation, there is an obvious yield stage on the cyclic stress-strain curve at the stage of small plastic deformation (in room or low temperatures). This phenomenon is similar to that of monotonic tensile curve case. But for the former the deformation amount at which the yield begins is much smaller than that for the latter. The cyclic stress-strain constitutive relation needs to be further studied according to the actual cyclic stress-strain curve. The conventional constitutive equation σ=Aεn is based on the results only corresponding to the cyclic strengthening stage. It is not appropriate for the stage of the small plastic deformation and the stage of yield.