甘肃太统-崆峒山国家级自然保护区山杨锈病病原及发生规律

山杨锈病是甘肃太统-崆峒山自然保护区中对山杨林危害最严重的植物病害。2013年3月—2014年12月,对该保护区内山杨锈病的发生规律进行了跟踪调查,并对病原真菌进行了采样、分离和鉴定。结果显示,在保护区内发生的山杨锈病病原菌属于松杨栅锈菌(Melampsora laricipopulina Kleb.)。该病原生物的发生规律主要表现为:每年5月下旬至6月初山杨开始发病,6月下旬危害程度逐渐加重,7月中、下旬病害快速蔓延,危害程度进一步加重,到7月底感病率达到100%;8月中、下旬约有60%叶片发黑,30%的叶片脱落,山杨的长势受到严重影响。研究结果基本反映了该区域山杨锈病的发生规律,为该林区山杨林保护提供了理论依据,为山杨锈病的防治研究奠定了基础。     

基于关键用户的非均衡热传导与物质扩散算法

物质扩散和热传导算法作为2个经典的基于网络结构的算法被普遍用于信息过滤.然而，现有的算法将所有的用户等同看待，没有区分不同用户的贡献，也没有移除恶意用户，从而导致性能不理想.针对这一问题提出基于关键用户的非均衡热传导与物质扩散算法（core-UHM），用以解决教育资源库中的高质量资源检索问题.算法的背后思想主要是基于信息领域中的帕累托法则，也即是20%的用户主导着整个系统中80%的交互.基于关键用户不仅能够保证资源的质量，同时也大大节省了计算开销.通过在真实的学术搜索日志数据集上的实验，证明了算法的有效性.     

网络暴力研究述评

网络暴力现象是近年来出现在网络空间的一种非常突出的社会现象。在梳理学界关于网络暴力现象研究的发展历程的基础上,把握近年来网络暴力研究的主要脉络及热点,提出网络暴力现象研究面临的一些重要问题及未来研究的发展走向,最后探索出网络暴力研究的新趋势。     

定-转子反应器在水脱氧工艺中的应用研究

在定-转子反应器中采用N₂-水脱氧、CO₂-水脱氧两个体系脱除水中的溶氧，考察了转子转速、液体体积流量以及气体体积流量对脱氧率和传质系数的影响，并对比了两个水脱氧体系的脱氧效果。实验结果表明：脱氧率随转子转速和气体体积流量的增加而升高，随液体体积流量的增加而降低；传质系数随着转子转速、液体体积流量、气体体积流量的增加而增加；此外，N₂-水脱氧体系的脱氧效果要优于CO₂-水脱氧体系。     

Fantastic Beasts and where (not) to find them: Local gravitational energy and energy conservation in general relativity

This paper critically examines energy-momentum conservation and local (differential) notions of gravitational energy in General Relativity (GR). On the one hand, I argue that energy-momentum of matter is indeed locally (differentially) conserved: Physical matter energy-momentum 4-currents possess no genuine sinks/sources. On the other hand, global (integral) energy-momentum conservation is contingent on spacetime symmetries. Local gravitational energy-momentum is found to be a supererogatory notion. Various explicit proposals for local gravitational energy-momentum are investigated and found wanting. Besides pseudotensors, the proposals considered include those of Lorentz and Levi-Civita, Pitts and Baker. It is concluded that the ontological commitment we ought to have towards gravitational energy in GR mimics the natural anti-realism/eliminativism towards apparent forces in Newtonian Mechanics.     

序比例诱导分段无量纲化方法及其影响因素

为在评价数据的无量纲化处理过程中兼顾异常值情形，并减弱因异常值的存在而导致的无量纲化后数据之间分布不均衡的问题，在极值处理法的基础上，提出了一种非线性的无量纲化方法，即序比例诱导分段无量纲化方法。该方法以原始指标值的排序百分比为诱导变量对原始指标值进行分段，并在各区段内以极值处理法为基础分别进行无量纲化处理。通过性质分析，发现该方法能够较大程度地提升无量纲化结果对“总量恒定性”性质的满足程度。此外，采用模拟仿真的方法发现，该无量纲化方法对异常值具有较好的抗干扰性、且随着分段层级的增加其对异常值的敏感程度越来越低等主要结论。     

Forming mechanism of ink layer on the printing plate in inking process and influencing factors of its thickness

Ink layer thickness on the printing plate greatly influences uniformity of ink transferred to the substrates , which is an important indicator of printing quality , so the study of ink layer and its thick-ness is important for improving the quality of printing products .Ansys CFX is used here to build a model of ink fluid adhering to lower vibrator roller , form inking roller , and printing plate for analy-zing ink transferring in inking process .Ink layer thickness on each position of the model is acquired to analyze the forming mechanism of ink layer on printing plate , as well as the influence of oscilla-tion speed of lower vibrator roller and dot area percentage of plate on ink layer thickness of printing plate.It can be concluded that , in the case of fixed ink supplying amount , ink layer thickness in-creases along with the increasing of oscillation speed , and decreases when the dot area percentage is getting larger and the minimum is got when the dot area percentage is 100%.At last , experiment of plate inking on print ability tester verifies the correctness of the simulation analysis .     

Membrane sorption property effects on transmembrane permeation

A theoretical study was carried out into membrane transport phenomena.Formulae for calculating the membrane transport resistance and transmembrane mass flux were given,variations in membrane resistance and moisture flux with the membrane sorption constant(C)under various humidity conditions were analyzed,and the value of C corresponding to the minimum membrane resistance or the maximum moisture flux was obtained.The results show that the membrane resistance and moisture flux relate not only to C but also to the relative humidities on both sides of the membrane.As C increases,membrane resistance initially decreases but then increases,i.e.,a minimum occurs,while the moisture flux first decreases and then increases,i.e.,a maximum occurs.The membrane resistance and moisture flux reach their extrema at the same value of C,which is determined by the relative humidities on both sides of the membrane.To reduce the membrane resistance,the value of C should be chosen based on the humidity conditions.     

气相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法同时测定水产品中19种多氯联苯

建立同时测定水产品中19种多氯联苯的气相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱法。样品采用丙酮和石油醚混合溶液为提取溶剂,利用分散高速匀质法提取19种多氯联苯,提取液用浓硫酸和层析柱进行双重净化,正己烷洗脱,经气相毛细管柱(HP-5MS)分离,以1.5mL/min流速的氦气作为载气,电子轰击离子源电离,用TOF/MS全扫描模式采集数据,以保留时间和离子精确质量数定性,外标法定量,建立了水产品中19种多氯联苯同时测定的方法。结果显示19种多氯联苯在5.0~500.0μg/L线性良好,相关系数大于0.9986,方法检出限(LOD,S/N=3)介于0.12~1.07μg/kg,方法定量限(LOQ,S/N=10)介于0.40 ~3.57μg/kg。在5.0,10.0,20.0μg/kg 3种加标水平下,19种多氯联苯的平均回收率介于79.6%~103.4%,日内相对标准偏差介于2.2%~9.6%；在20.0,100.0,200.0μg/kg 3种加标水平下,19种多氯联苯的平均回收率介于77.4%~104.6%,日间相对标准偏差介于2.7%~9.8%。结果表明,建立的检测方法准确、灵敏、可靠,可用于水产品中19种多氯联苯的监督检测。     

一种裂隙岩体力学参数的评价方法及应用

针对裂隙岩体的力学参数选取问题，提出了一种两阶段评价方法.通过裂隙岩体力学参数的三维空间分布情况，评价其各向同性与各向异性状态，对两类情况采用不同的计算模型处理；采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov(K-S)检验法对力学参数的概率分布模型进行假设检验，对检验合格的试验数据分布进行置信区间选取，在给定的置信区间内获取计算参数.在某地下硐室工程中运用该方法进行了开挖模拟计算，计算位移与实测位移吻合较好.