海洋环境问题的社会学解读

海洋环境社会学研究的是人的群体行为与海洋环境之间的相互影响。本文讨论了它的一般研究领域、理论难题、理念建构以及目、前急需研究的重大专题。     

Timing and history of marine hydrocarbon accumulation in Tarim craton

<正> Based on the analyses of hydrocarbon inclu-sions, K-Ar dating of authigenic illites and oil/gas-watercontact retrospection as well as other methods, the marineprimary reservoirs in the cratonic region of the Tarim Basinare found to have been formed in the late Caledonian toearly Hercynian, late Hercynian, and Himalayan, and oil andgas adjusted and redistributed in the Yanshanian (Jurassic toCretaceous) and Himalayan (Tertiary). The analyses alsoshow that the remaining primary oil accumulations aremostly formed in the late Hercynian, and the secondary oilreservoirs resulted from the adjustment and redistribution ofthe earlier accumulations during the Yanshanian and Hima-layan (especially late Himalayan), of which the Himalayan isalso the major stage of gas accumulation. The primary oilreservoirs formed in the late Hercynian mostly occur withinthe Paleozoic formation, whereas the secondary reservoirsformed in the Himalayan in the Mesozoic. The late adjust-ment and redistribution of reservoirs in the craton region ofthe Tarim Basin is ubiquitous because of the intensified tec-tonic movements since the Mesozoic, especially Cenozoic andintrusion of the high- to over-mature gas. Furthermore, thelower amplitude of reservoirs in the craton region also makesthem easier to be adjusted and redistributed. Therefore, theremaining paleo-uplift and palaeo-slope developed in rela-tively stable tectonic regions are the main potential areas forthe middle-large marine reservoirs in the Tarim Basin.     

闽江口晚第四纪海侵地层的研究

大量钴孔岩芯的岩性特征,微体古生物硅藻和有孔虫化石组合,以及~(14)C测年结果揭示,闽江河口区发育两期海侵地层。表明本区在晚第四纪期间至少经历了两次海侵事件,发生于距今44000～22000a的玉木亚间冰期海侵相对较弱,其范围仅达福州市区一带,另一次海侵发生于距今12000a以来的冰后期,该次海侵较为广泛,其范围可达闽侯的甘蔗一带。     

Ecology and physiology of phototrophic bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria in marine salterns

Marine salterns are habitats for a large variety of halophilic bacteria. In the anoxic zones, halophilic sulfur bacteria develop mainly at the sediment surface, but only a few of them have so far been isolated from such environments. Among the phototrophic sulfur bacteria that sometimes form purple layers underneath the green cyanobacterial layers, members of the generaEctothiodhodospira, Chromatium (C. salexigens), Thiocapsa (T. halophila) were isolated. They grow by using sulfide as an electron donor. In the marine salterns, sulfide originates from active sulfate reduction. Among the halophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria, onlyDesulfovibrio halophilus andDesulfohalobium retbaense have so far been isolated. The ecology and physiology of both kinds of bacteria are discussed in this paper.     

Extraordinary levels of cadmium and zinc in a marine sponge,Tedania charcoti Topsent: inorganic chemical defense agents

The Antarctic marine spongeTedania charcoti has been shown to contain extraordinarily high natural concentrations of cadmium and zinc, which have in turn been correlated to the ability of the crude ethanol extract to modulate protein phosphorylation in chicken forebrain and to inhibit the growth of several test bacteria.     

小型轴流定桨式水轮机的技术改造

通过对几座多泥沙河流上小型轴流定桨式电站的技术改造，表明，蜗壳式电站中的水润滑橡胶轴承可以容易地改造为稀油润滑轴承；容量匹配不合理的电站可以把1台机组的转轮更换为适宜于小流量发电的低比速转轮；转轮型号不妥的电站应重新设计与水力参数相符的转轮。这些合理、简便、经济的手段，可大幅提高电站的发电量和经济效益。     

海水鱼类单殖吸虫的研究Ⅷ寄生于Xia虎鱼鳃上指环虫两新种及一中国新记录

我们在整理采于广西和海南的单殖吸虫标本时 ,发现寄生于虎鱼鳃上的指环虫两新种 .并确认二翼指环虫ＤａｃｔｙｌｏｇｙｒｕｓｂｉａｌａｔｕｓＷｕ ,Ｗａｎｇ＆Ｊｉａｎｇ ,1 988为棘虎伪指环虫ＰｓｅｕｄｏｄａｃｔｙｌｏｇｙｒｕｓｈａｚｅＯｇａｗａ ,1 984的同物异名 ,且棘虎伪指环虫为中国新记录 .现报道如下 ,新种的模式标本保存于华南师范大学生物系 .1 .钦州指环虫 ,新种Ｄａｃｔｙｌｏｇｙｒｕｓｑｉｎｚｈｏｕｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ ｎｏｖ .(图 1 -ａ ,ｂ )图 1　钦州指环虫 ,新种Ｄａｃｔｙｌｏｇｙｒｕｓｑｉｎｚｈｏｕｅｎｓ…     

南海北部大陆架海洋生态系统Ecopath模型的应用与分析

过度捕捞和环境恶化导致渔业资源和海洋生态系统逆向发展。采用EwE5.1软件,对南海北部大陆架建立Ecopath(生态通道模型)模型。通过各级流量、生物量、生产量、捕捞量、系统总流量以及生态位和混和营养效应等方面的分析,得出营养流通主要有2种途径,肉食鱼类间饵料竞争非常激烈,低值鱼类间具相似的捕食压力,顶级捕食者对大部分鱼类负效应不明显。系统受过度捕捞渔业影响很大,并存在营养级I利用效率低和渔业资源小型化、低值化等不稳定的幼态特征。     

“一带一路”愿景下民族地区与海洋文化的现实机缘

分析了中国草原丝路、沙漠丝路、西南丝路和海上丝路所途径的民族地区与海洋文化割裂不断的历史联系和现实机缘,指出了在当今的海洋时代,借助“一带一路”的开发和建设,建构中国海洋文化全球传播民族路径的重大意义。     

基于BP神经网络的海洋声学仪器信号识别方法

分析了几种常用海洋声学仪器信号的基本特征,提出一种基于误差反向传播(back propagation,BP)神经网络,以实现对信号特征参数进行分类、识别的方法.该方法采用短时傅里叶变换提取信号特征参数,运用Levenberg-Marquardt算法训练BP神经网络.以实测海洋声学仪器信号的特征参数进行训练后,采用实测和仿真样本对BP神经网络的识别能力进行测试.实验结果表明,BP神经网络能够有效地区分不同海洋声学仪器的信号,识别准确率达到95%以上,且虚警率低于5%.该研究成果可用于识别海域中不同海洋声学仪器,检测海洋中声学仪器的工作状态.该识别方法对于其他海洋声信号的识别研究也有一定的参考价值.