Mn-Cu耐候钢在模拟工业大气环境下的腐蚀行为

利用干湿交替加速腐蚀实验和电化学实验研究了实验钢在模拟工业大气环境下的腐蚀演化行为.结果表明,在腐蚀初期腐蚀速度随循环周期的增加而增大,在后期随循环周期的增加而降低,耐候钢的腐蚀速度与SPA-H钢相当但低于16Mn钢.在腐蚀初期,细晶粒耐候钢比粗晶粒腐蚀速度快,在后期腐蚀速度基本一致.耐候钢锈层分为内外两层,内锈层致密主要由α-FeOOH和少量γ-Fe2O3组成,晶粒尺寸对腐蚀产物的组成影响不大.16Mn钢锈层主要由α-FeOOH,γ-Fe2O3和Fe3O4组成.在腐蚀后期,Cu的作用使耐候钢的耐腐蚀性能优于16Mn钢.电化学实验表明,腐蚀产物促进阴极过程,抑制阳极过程.细晶粒有利于保护性内锈...     

海洋生物毒素研究新进展

海洋生物毒素以其毒性强,结构新颖,药理作用特殊,易合成等特点成为药理学和神经科学的有力工具和新药开发的新来源.本文根据海洋生物毒素的化学结构特征将其大致分为3类:即多肽类毒素,聚醚类毒素,生物碱类毒素等,并对其进行了综述,同时对海洋生物毒素的应用前景进行了展望.     

Heat treatment of novel low-carbon multi-alloyed anti-wear marine steel

A low-carbon anti-wear steel,multi-alloyed with Si-Cr-Mn-Al-Ni-Mo-(Nb,RE),was designed for vane pumps of ships. The novel cast steel after various heat treatments was characterized by microstructure observations and mechanical properties measurement in order to achieve an optimal process correlated with good abrasive resistance for a long marine service.Differential scanning calorimetry and hardness analyses deduced a complete austenitizing temperature of 1 000℃,based on the alloying element homogenizati...     

新时期新疆高校学风建设的调查分析与建议

学风建设是高等教育改革和发展中一个永恒的主题,优良的学风是保证提高教育质量的重要条件,为更好地把握大学生的学习状况,研究其精神风貌、学习志向、学习热情、学习动机和学习方法等,有针对性地开展学风建设活动,课题组结合新疆医科大学学风状况,调查分析当前新疆高校学风方面存在的问题和原因,并在此基础上提出加强和改进学风建设的对策和建议.     

Al-Mg/Ti-Mg脱氧钢中夹杂物诱发点蚀行为研究

以不同脱氧方式熔炼的海洋工程用钢为研究对象,利用SEM、EDS及Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件对钢中夹杂物形貌、组成及尺寸分布等进行表征,通过3.5%NaCl溶液中阳极极化及腐蚀实验对钢中夹杂物诱发点蚀的行为进行探究。结果表明,与Al-Mg脱氧钢相比,Ti-Mg脱氧钢中形成了含有TiO_x的复合氧化物,夹杂数量更多且平均尺寸更小(小于1μm),有利于MnS的异质形核析出及弥散分布;低腐蚀活性的含TiOx复合氧化物及高度分散、异质局部析出MnS夹杂具有较低的点蚀敏感性及自腐蚀催化作用,降低了点蚀的诱发及扩展,有效提高了钢的抗点蚀性能。     

大型轮机模拟器中船舶电力系统的建模与仿真

结合开发研制大型集装箱船舶轮机模拟器,建立了船舶电力系统的数学模型,包括发电机组模型、电压自动控制模型、负载模型和电站管理系统等模型.采用了数学建模与物理操纵相结合的混合仿真技术,实现了具有良好人机交互界面的船舶电力仿真目标.仿真结果表明,仿真数据和效果与实船情形相同或相似,该系统同时可实现400多个故障模拟功能,并且已在国内外4台大型轮机模拟器上成功运行,取得了令人满意的培训效果.     

北部湾生态通道模型和保护区效应的模拟

 作为一种有效的养护海洋资源和生态系统的工具,海洋保护区正逐步得到世界各国的普遍认同。在20世纪90年代EwE模型的基础上,以20 a为周期,利用空间化模块Ecospace模拟了不同的管理情景（禁渔、伏季休渔、共同渔区、<30 m沿岸水域）对北部湾海洋生态系统功能组的生物量和渔获量的影响。结果表明,缺乏管理和渔民合作的禁渔制度和伏季休渔制度对资源的养护作用不显著,大型鱼类和真鲨类等高营养级生物量继续衰退。在北部湾沿岸和中南部海域设立大型的非渔业活动区都可有效地降低捕捞强度和恢复渔业资源,提高渔获质量。研究结果表明,海洋保护区对栖息地养护和渔业管理上有重要作用。从北部湾渔业管理的角度来看,将30 m等深线内的沿岸水域划为非渔业保护区更有利于生态系统的养护和渔业资源的恢复。     

The carbon isotopic compositions of Non-methane Hydrocarbons in atmosphere

Carbon isotopic compositions of atmospheric Non-methane Hydrocarbons(NMHCs) in the urban areas of Taiyuan and Lanzhou in summer were reported and the sources of NMHCs are discussed.Carbon isotopic ratios(δ 13C) of vehicle exhaust,coal-combustion exhaust,fuel volatiles and cooking exhaust were also measured with thermal desorption-gas chromatography-isotope ratio-mass spectrometry(TD-GC-IR-MS).δ 13C values of NMHCs in the urban areas of Lanzhou and Taiyuan range from-32.3‰ to-22.3‰ and from-32.8‰ to-18.1‰.δ ...     

Effect of different atmospheres on dry friction behavior of steel sliding against brass at high speed

The atmosphere components have an influence on tribological behaviors of tribo-pairs. Through changing the atmosphere component, the effect of atmosphere component on the tribological behaviors of CrNiMo steel against brass at high sliding velocity was investigated. The wear test was carried out on a high-speed friction and wear test rig whose test atmosphere could be controlled. The tests were performed at four sliding velocities （30, 40, 50, 60 m/s）, one contact pressure （1.33 MPa） and two atmosphere components （N2 or O2）. The morphologies of the worn surfaces of various pins were observed with a scanning electron microscope. The chemical compositions of the surfaces and subsurfaces for steels were determined with an energy dispersion spectroscopy. The results showed that the wear rate of the steel pins were low all the time with the sliding velocity increasing in oxygen atmosphere, and that the wear rate of the steel pin in nitrogen atmosphere was higher than that of the steel pin in oxygen atmosphere. It was found that the thin and compact oxidation layer formed on the worn surface of the steel in oxygen atmosphere played a key role in wear resistance. However, the wear rate of the steel pin increased rapidly with the sliding velocity increasing in nitrogen atmosphere, which was attributed to the thick and loose surface layer formed on the worn surface of the steel.     

基于Mie理论的四种典型水云的光散射计算

在Mie理论的基础上,利用修正伽马函数来描述水云的粒子尺度分布,计算了一类层云、二类层云、一类层积云和二类层积云这四种典型水云的消光系数、单次散射反照率、不对称因子和散射相函数.结果表明,粒子的消光系数、单次散射反照率和非对称因子随着入射波长的增加有较大的起伏,后两者随着波长的增加其变化趋势基本一致;消光系数主要受云中液态水含量的影响;对于单次散射反照率来说,在可见光波段,反照率非常接近于1;在短波段,粒子的非对称因子变化较小,并且随着波长的增加,非对称因子会逐渐增大;Mie相函数随着散射角的增加呈现出先减小后增大的趋势,但相函数随着波长的增加,并没有呈现出简单的线性关系.