Patterns of platinum-group elements in mantle peridotite, granulite xenoliths and basalt in Hannuoba

Neutron activation analysis after preconcentration of nickel sulfide fire assay was used in measurement of Ru, Ph, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt (i.e. PGE elements) and Au concentrations for basalt, mantle and granulite xenoliths in Hannuoba. The chondrite- and primitive mantle-normalized PGE patterns generally exhibit flat (for Iherzolite), negative slope (for harzburgite), and positive slope (for basic granulite and basalt). In addition, strong Ir negative anomaly occurs in basalt and granulite xenolith, and little negative anomaly also exists in Iherzolite xenolith in Hannuoba.     

Polybaric partial melting in the continental mantle: Evidence from mantle xenoliths from Qilin Guangdong Province

The extremely low Ti content (160–245 μg/g) in clinopyroxene in some spinel peridotites from Qilin, South China is indicative of high degree of partial melting, inconsistent with their relatively high clinopyroxene modes (7.4%–12.4%). These clinopyroxenes show fractionated HREE patterns ((Gd/Yb)_n<0.2), suggesting the involvement of garnet in the melting regime. These REE patterns can be modeled as residues of 22%–23% fractional melting from a primitive mantle, first in garnet stability field (12%) then continuing in spinel stability field (10%–11%) after breakdown of garnet to pyroxenes and spinel. Such a polybaric melting suggests the lithospheric thinning and rapid mantle upwelling in south China during the Cenozoic. This is consistent with the dominant MORB-OIB isotopic signature and high thermal gradient of the lithospheric mantle in this region, and supports the contention that the formation of South China Sea basin is related to southward migration of continental lithosphere extension, rather than passive back-arc basin.     

The Earth’s inner core deviation to plate movement

Under the premise of the Earth’s layer structure and mass distribution, the solid inner core cannot be stable in the center of the sphere. Thus, the deviation of the inner core is towards the sphere’s center and the liquid outer core must have asymmetrical thermal convection. Based on the two suggestions, a concise and self-consistent global motion model can be built. The model consists of the following cycle: an asymmetrical thermal convection structure in the outer core led by the dislocation of the inner core → the plume is in special upwell position because of differential activation → the formation and split of lithosphere → the split plates drift and assemble in a new location, the mass of which causes the inner core to deviate towards this direction again → the new asymmetry is formed. As this circulation continues, a definite and periodical motion emerges/forms. Its nonlinear features result in the Earth’s motion with simple mechanisms but complex behavior. Ultraterrestrial events may disturb or even interrupt this movement but would not significantly affect the cycle.     

Platinum-group elements for the mantle peridotites in the Dazhuka ophiolite, Tibet, China

The total PGE amounts of mantle peridotites in the Dazhuka ophiolite, Tibet, are 28.37—50.67 ng/g, slightly higher than those of mantle peridotites in the primitive mantle, and typical ophiolites in the world, and the Alps-type mantle peridotites. The PGE distribution patterns in the Dazhuka mantle peridotites are also different from those of the mantle peridotites of partial melting relict origin. The Dazhuka mantle peridotites have relatively high total PGE amounts and are enriched in Pt, Pd, and Ru. Their PGE distribution patterns belong to the positively inclined- or swallow-type patterns. The PGE distribution patterns in the mantle peridotites of partial melting relict origin belong to the negative-slope patterns or flat patterns. This reflects the unique features of the upper mantle in this region. Relative enrichment in Pt and Pd, as well as in the incompatible elements Cu, Au, Cs, Rb, Ba, Th, U and LREE, indicates that the partial melting-derived relict mantle peridotites in the Dazhuka ophiolite had experienced intensive permeating and mixing processes of the melt and fluid both containing abundant incompatible elements.     

SS前驱震相有限频效应研究

首先, 根据有限频原理计算SS前驱震相的边界敏感核, 分析SS前驱震相对间断面起伏状况的敏感性。然后, 利用SPECFEM软件正演间断面存在起伏扰动下的SS前驱震相波形, 得到其到时扰动量, 与利用有限频敏感核计算得到的到时扰动量相比较, 说明有限频理论可以较好地解释SS前驱震相的波前愈合效应。最后, 利用边界敏感核反演界面起伏状况, 展示当考虑SS前驱震相的有限频效应时, 可以更好地恢复界面起伏的真实状况。研究结果为正确利用SS前驱震相反演地幔间断面起伏提供了必要的基础。     

漳州地区岩石放射性地球化学特征及岩石圈热结构

 对漳州地区的地表和钻孔岩石进行了岩石密度、放射性生热元素含量和岩石导热率测试。结果显示,岩石密度的平均值在2.60 g/cm³左右,与世界范围内花岗岩的密度平均值一致;花岗岩放射性生热率的平均值为3.7 μW/m³,高于中酸性火山岩和基性岩脉等其他类型岩石的放射性生热率值,热贡献率主要来自Th 和U 的放射性衰变热。研究区岩石导热率的平均值为2.83 W/mK,接近世界范围内上地壳岩石的平均值。结合前人地质学、地球物理学和地热学研究成果,认为地幔对地表热流贡献率要高于地壳,漳州地区为典型的“冷壳热幔”型岩石圈热结构。     

Magma mixing in upper mantle: Evidence from high Mg<Superscript>#</Superscript> olivine hosted melt inclusions in MORBs near East Pacific Rise 13°N

Early formed high-Mg^# olivine phenocrysts during evolution of MORB magmas usually host melt inclusions, which record im-portant information about the early-stage evolution of magma. Five MORB samples from near East Pacific Rise (EPR) 13°N vary little in K/Ti (0.07–0.12), Tb/Lu (1.72–1.84) and Sm/Nd (0.310–0.332) and have similar REEs patterns, indicating that depleted upper mantle has similar mineral composition. Sixty-five initial melt inclusions derived by correcting olivine fractionation and “FeO-Loss” show averagely higher MgO contents than their host rocks. Melt inclusions have higher CaO/Al₂O₃ ratios than their host rocks, and these CaO/Al₂O₃ ratios are positively and negatively correlated with MgO and Na₂O respectively, suggesting that these magmas have experienced high pressure crystallization of clinopyroxene. Average crystallization pressure, which is calculated based on the pressure dependence of clinopyroxene crystallization, is 0.83–0.25 GPa, and implys that these melt inclusions are averagely trapped in mantle depth of ~24 km. These melt inclusions show negative correlations of Ca₈/Al₈ and Na₈ with Fe₈, and wider ranges of Ca₈/Al₈, Na₈, Fe₈ and K/Ti than their host rocks, suggesting that these melt inclusions formed by mixing magmas of different melting degrees and depths. According to the average value and ranges of Ca₈/Al₈, Na₈, Fe₈ and K/Ti, these magmas would necessitate other mixing ends in shallow crust except in upper mantle. The compositional diversity of melt inclusions in MORBs phenocrysts cannot always be used to indicate magma mixing and crystallization in shallow crust, and melt inclusions in high Mg^# olivine formed under mantle pressure must be excluded in study of the magma process at crustal level. This study shows that, in EPR, MORBs have experienced mixing of magmas formed by different melting degrees and depths in the mantle.     

Magma mixing in upper mantle: Evidence from high Mg~# olivine hosted melt inclusions in MORBs near East Pacific Rise 13°N

Early formed high-Mg# olivine phenocrysts during evolution of MORB magmas usually host melt inclusions, which record im-portant information about the early-stage evolution of magma.Five MORB samples from near East Pacific Rise (EPR) 13°N vary little in K/Ti (0.07?0.12), Tb/Lu (1.72?1.84) and Sm/Nd (0.310?0.332) and have similar REEs patterns, indicating that depleted upper mantle has similar mineral composition.Sixty-five initial melt inclusions derived by correcting olivine fractionation and FeO-Loss show ...     

育珠蚌外套膜组织培养适宜条件的研究

对育珠蚌外套膜细胞在组织培养过程中分泌珠质的适宜条件进行了研究。经过几年的实验和比较,筛选出了适宜于河蚌外套膜细胞生长、分泌的培养基及一套完善的操作方法,能使育珠蚌外套膜的细胞在体外人工培养条件下较旺盛地生长、繁殖、分泌,并产生大量的珍珠质.     

地幔的窗口：金刚石

从经济价值而言,金刚石是最昂贵的宝石饰品;从科学意义而言,它还是直接可以提供地幔的物理状态与化学组成的窗口。笔者简要介绍了金刚石在自然界的产状、形成条件、不纯净组分、各类包裹体的特征以及成因模型。金刚石最主要的寄主岩为地幔橄榄岩和榴辉岩。金刚石中的同生包裹体可以为其形成时的寄主岩组成、温压条件、在地幔中的存留年龄提供重要的依据。近20多年来在金刚石中发现了深达下地幔的超深矿物包裹体,它又成为了认识全部地幔物质组成的唯一窗口。