Mantle olivine xenocrysts entrained in Mesozoic basalts from the North China craton：Implication for replacement process of lithospheric mantle

Mesozoic (125 Ma) Fangcheng basalts fromShandong Province contain clearly zoned olivines that arerare in terrestrial samples and provide first evidence for thereplacement of lithospheric mantle from high-Mg peridotitesto Iow-Mg peridotites through peridotite-melt reaction.Zoned olivines have compositions in the core (Mg# = 87.2--90.7) similar to those olivines from the mantle peridotiticxenoliths entrained in Cenozoic basalts from the NorthChina craton and in the rim (Mg# = 76.8--83.9) close to oli-vine phenocrysts of the host basalts (75.7--79.0). Thesecompositional features as well as rounded crystal shapes andsmaller grain sizes (300—800 μm) demonstrate that thesezoned olivines are mantle xenocrysts, i.e. disaggregates ofmantle peridotites. Their core compositions can representthose of olivines of mantle peridotites. The zoned texture ofolivines was formed through rapid reaction between the oli-vine xenocryst and the host basalt. This olivine-basaltic meltreaction could have been ubiquitous in the Mesozoic litho-spheric mantle beneath the North China craton, i.e. an im-portant type of the replacement of lithospheric mantle. Thereaction resulted in the transformation of the Paleozoic re-fractory (high-Mg) peridotites to the late Mesozoic fertile(Iow-Mg) and radiogenic isotope-enriched peridotites, lead-ing to the loss of old lithospheric mantle.     

三维楔形体转动破坏的稳定分析

依矢量分析原理推导了三维楔形体转动破坏的力学条件和几何条件及其稳定系数的计算公式.     

A case for mantle plumes

The existence of at least several plumes in the Earth＇s mantle can be inferred with few assumptions from well-established observations. As well, thermal mantle plumes can be predicted from well-established and quantified fluid dynamics and a plausible assumption about the Earth＇s early thermal state. Some additional important observations, especially of flood basalts and rift-related magmatism, have been shown to be plausibly consistent with the physical theory. Recent claims to have detected plumes using seismic tomography may comprise the most direct evidence for plumes, but plume tails are likely to be difficult to resolve definitively and the claims need to be well tested. Although significant questions remain about its viability, the plume hypothesis thus seems to be well worth continued investigation. Nevertheless there are many non-plate-related magmatic phenomena whose association with plumes is unclear or unlikely. Compositional buoyancy has recently been shown potentially to substantially complicate the dynamics of plumes, and this may lead to explanations for a wider range of phenomena, including “headless” hotspot tracks, than purely thermal plumes.     

压载条件下裂纹断裂扩展的位移不连续数值分析

以土木工程中普遍存在的压缩荷载作用下裂纹扩展演化问题为研究背景,通过建立闭合裂纹表面接触阻力的缓和和迭代及复合型裂纹尖端应力强度因子KⅠ、KⅡ的数值渐近解法,将位移不连续数值方法（DDM）应用于压载条件下二维复合型裂纹的断裂扩展分析,取得了与理论和实验吻合的计算结果。所用方法能有效地避免裂纹尖端采用奇异单元及开裂过程单元重划分的繁琐,解决了裂纹闭合状态下缝面阻力的合理模拟,对压载复合裂纹问题分析有一定参考意义。     

辽河裂谷玄武岩成因机理与盆地演化

认为辽河裂谷第三系玄武岩由两类原生玄武岩浆喷发形成，一是形成于地下７０～８５ｋｍ的碱性橄榄玄武岩浆，二是形成于地下３５～５０ｋｍ的拉斑玄武岩浆。两者分别为源区岩石局部熔融３．８８％和１０．１１％的产物。下辽河平原处于中国北方大陆地幔热柱、亚热柱之上。随着热柱的形成、拱起和岩石圈的飘移，火山活动由强而弱，由碱性趋向亚碱性，岩浆熔出位置由深而浅，源区岩石熔融程度由低而高。与此相应，下辽河裂谷盆地经历了裂前成穹、张裂破碎、拉张沉陷及拗陷４个阶段，裂谷由张裂而拗陷，直至消亡。     

钢筋混凝土的不连续强度

本文对钢筋混凝土试件进行了拉拨试验,并且利用非线性数值分析计算程序对钢筋混凝土的滑移层进行了计算。结果发现:钢筋混凝土存在不连续强度,有理由建议用不连续强度而不是用极限载荷来作为钢筋混凝土的破坏准则。另外,不连续强度可以和混凝土的疲劳极限强度建立一定的确定关系,并可以从混凝土的疲劳中找出不连续强度的客观定义。     

Re-visiting barium isotope compositions of mid-ocean ridge basalts and the implications

Barium (Ba) isotopes can be used as potential tracers for crustal material recycling in the mantle. Determination of the Ba isotope composition of the depleted mantle is essential for such applications. However, Ba isotope data for mantle-derived basalts are still rare. In this study, we reported high-precision Ba isotope data of 30 oceanic basalts including 25 mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) from geochemically and geologically diverse mid-ocean ridge segments and five back-arc basin basalts. The δ138/134Ba values of these samples varied from ?0.06‰ to +0.11‰, with no systematic cross-region variation. Together with published data, we constrained the average δ138/134Ba of global MORBs to +0.05‰±0.09‰ (2 standard deviation, n = 51). Based on depleted MORBs that have (La/Sm)_N < 0.8, low 87Sr/86Sr (< 0.70263), and low Ba/Th < 71.3, we estimated the average δ138/134Ba of the depleted MORB mantle (DMM) as + 0.05‰ ± 0.05‰ (2SD, n = 16) that is significantly lower than the DMM (≈ 0.14‰) reported previously. If a new estimation of the DMM is applied, it is unreasonable to infer that the Ba isotope signatures of the “enriched-type” MORBs (E-MORBs) could be attributed to pervasive sediment recycling in the upper mantle. We, therefore, conclude that the Ba isotope compositions of the E-MORBs could be sourced from the incorporation of subducted altered oceanic crust and/or sediments depending on the Ba isotope composition and other geochemical information of the local mantle.     

八大路线中断的原因分析

从八大路线本身的不足及制订仓促、国际国内形势的影响、政治体制的弊端等三个角度对八大路线中断的原因做了分析和探讨.这对我们今天坚持有中国特色社会主义初级阶段的基本路线,具有重要意义.     

Topographies of seismic velocity discontinuities and penetrations of subducting slabs beneath the Sea of Okhotsk

The existence of discontinuities, the topographies of the 410 km and 660 km discontinuities, and the penetrations of subducting slabs near the 660 km discontinuities beneath the Sea of Okhotsk were studied using Nth root slant stack and digital records from networks in Germany and the western United States. Results show the obvious evidence for reflected and refractive phases associated with the 410 km and 660 km discontinuities. There may be discontinuities at other depths such as 150 km, 220 km and 520 km. The 410 km discontinuity is elevated and the 660 km discontinuity is depressed respectively, consistent with the expected thermal signature of the phase transitions. The subducting slab has penetrated into the lower mantle in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk, while it is stagnant on the 660 km discontinuity in the southern part.