Uppermost mantle structure of the North China Craton: Constraints from interstation Pn travel time difference tomography

The uppermost mantle is the key area for exchange of heat flux and material convection between the crust and lithospheric mantle. Spatial variations of lithospheric thinning and dynamic processes in the North China Craton could inevitably induce the velocity heterogeneity in the uppermost mantle. In this study, we used Pn arrivals from permanent seismic stations in North China and surrounding regions to construct a tomographic image of the North China Craton. The tomographic method with Pn travel time difference data were used to study the velocity variations in the uppermost mantle. Pn velocities in the uppermost mantle varied significantly in the Eastern, Central and Western blocks of the North China Craton. This suggests that the lithosphere beneath different blocks of the North China Craton have experienced distinct tectonic evolutions and dynamic processes since the Paleozoic. The current uppermost mantle has been imprinted by these tectonic and dynamic processes. Fast Pn velocities are prominent beneath the Bohai Bay Basin in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton, suggesting residuals of the Archean lithospheric mantle. Beneath the Tanlu Fault Zone and Bohai Sea, slow Pn velocities are present in the uppermost mantle, which can be attributed to significant lithospheric thinning and asthenospheric upwelling. The newly formed lithospheric mantle beneath Yanshan Mountain may be the dominant reason for the existence of slow Pn velocities in this region. Conversely, the ancient lower crust and lithospheric mantle already have been delaminated. In the Central Block, significant slow Pn velocities are present in Taihangshan Mountain, which also extends northward to the Yinchuan-Hetao Rift on the northern margin of the Ordos Block and Yinshan Orogen. This characteristic probably is a result of hot asthenospheric upwelling along the active tectonic boundary on the margin of the Western Block. The protracted thermal erosion and underplating of hot asthenospheric upwelling may induce lithospheric thinning and significant slow velocities in the uppermost mantle. Fast velocities beneath the Western Block suggest that the thick, cold and refractory Archean lithospheric keel of craton still is retained without apparent destruction.     

新元矿井主斜井穿越表土层的施工方法--斜井施工穿过沁水煤田寿阳地区表土段问题的探讨

文章介绍了新元矿井主斜井表土层的施工方法，对寿阳地区今后矿井井筒施工具有一定的参考价值。     

吕梁山区五台群顶部地层的Sm-Nd年龄——兼论岩浆源区地幔的特殊性

本文根据Sm-Nd同位素工作结果,给出五台群的顶界年龄为2470Ma,属太古代地层。华北地台基底的太古代地层中几处出现世界上同时代的其它构造单元中尚未发现过的高∈~Nd(T)值,表明当时地幔的局部不均匀性已很可观。岩石的既往亏损史与Nd相对富集的情况相矛盾,可能是由于深部地幔去气流体的补入或形成时间不长的地壳物质的混染。     

土被结构系统分类及其应用

提出土被结构是由土壤群体组成且具有整体性、结构性和功能性的耗散系统的观点;以土被结构空间有序为特征,充分考虑土被各种空间基础,即地貌类型,建立土被结构分类系统.并应用这个系统划分了渭南地区土被结构类型系统.     

基于横波分裂方法的海南地幔柱研究

利用横波分裂方法,对北京大学、南方科技大学及桂林理工大学在广东和广西布设的宽频带流动台阵以及国家地震台网在广东、广西和海南的固定台站记录的XKS震相进行计算,得到海南及邻近地区的上地幔各向异性参数,分裂延迟时间在0.35～1.90s之间.综合研究区域内前人发表的和本文的横波分裂结果,认为自新生代以来,伴随东部太平洋板块...     

蛾眉山玄武岩地球化学和大陆地幔演化

峨眉清音、会东唐坊和攀枝花二滩三个地区峨眉山玄武岩系岩石测得的多元素丰度数据,表明峨眉和唐坊剖面岩系低MgO,二滩剖面岩系高MgO,但三个剖面玄武岩TiO_2,K_2O和不相容微量元素的丰度高,具有碱性玄武岩系典型的稀土元素特征曲线。峨眉剖面玄武岩~(87)Sr/~(88)Sr=0.7066—0.7082;Rb/Sr=0.02—0.12;~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd=0.51171—0.51174。根据微量元素模式计算,结合岩石学研究,三个地区原始母岩浆可能都来自一个均匀交代了的富集地幔源区部分熔融产物。进而对源区成分,熔融程度和分异过程进行了模拟,并提出了一种地幔富集作用的机理。     

川东丘陵区土壤组合单元发生特征研究─—以梁滩河流域为例

以土壤组合的个体单元为研究对象，根据梁滩河流域自然环境的基本结构特征，讨论了不同地貌条件下土壤组合单元的形成与发生机制。认为在川东丘陵区，土壤组合单元的发生主要受地貌形态的制约，物质、形态、能量、时间是土壤组合单元形成与分异的四大基本要素。     

Mantle plumes： Why the current skepticism？

The present reappraisal of the mantle plume hypothesis is perhaps the most exciting current debate in Earth science. Nevertheless, the fundamental reasons for why it has arisen are often not well understood. They are that 1） many observations do not agree with the predictions of the original model, 2） it is possible that convection of the sort required to generate thermal plumes in the Earth＇s mantle does not occur, 3） so many variants of the original model have been invoked to accommodate conflicting data that the plume hypthesis is in practice no longer testable, and 4） alternative models are viable, though these have been largely neglected by researchers. Regardless of the final outcome, the present vigorous debate is to be welcomed since it is likely to stimulate new discoveries in a way that unquestioning acceptance of the conventional plume model will not.