中国南海红树内生真菌No.1403次级代谢物的研究

中国南海红树的内生真菌Ｎｏ．１４０３是由香港城市大学Ｖｒｉｊｍｏｅｄ教授等分离出来的。其发酵液粗提物有明显的抗菌活性,对酵母菌和霉菌均有抑制作用。采用硅胶柱层析、核磁共振、质谱,红外光谱和Ｘ光结晶衍射等方法对该菌静置培养的发酵液化学成分进行研究,发现真菌Ｎｏ．１４０３能产生灰黄霉素Ａ和多种醌类抗生素Ｂ,Ｃ,Ｄ及其它化合物,其中Ｃ未见文献报道,Ａ的产量很高,约为２０ｍｇ／Ｌ,本研究表明Ｎｏ．１４０３     

Natural history of Peucetia flava (Araneae,Oxyopidae): seasonal density fluctuation,phenology and sex ratio on the glandular plant Rhyncanthera dichotoma (Melastomataceae)

The seasonal density fluctuation, phenology and sex ratio of Peucetia flava (Oxyopidae) on Rhyncanthera dichotoma (Melastomataceae) were investigated during a year in a swamp in southeastern Brazil. Peucetia flava displayed an unusual non‐seasonal life cycle and the population size varied little over the year. The density of Peucetia spiders increased with the increase in abundance of leaves and number of arthropods adhered to glandular trichomes on R. dichotoma leaves. Our findings suggest that seasonal density fluctuation of Peucetia may be influenced by foraging site availability (i.e. leaves) and prey supply (i.e. arthropods adhering to glandular trichomes). The unusual seasonal stability of P. flava may be related to the type of habitat in which this spider occurs (swamp), because of the constant input of allochthonous resources from the water source, i.e. aquatic insects that migrate to the terrestrial environment.     

Population structure and reproductive biology of the fiddler crab Uca urvillei (Brachyura: Ocypodidae) in Maputo Bay (south Mozambique)

Although fiddler crabs are among the main faunal components in mangrove habitats, few studies have described the population structure and reproduction of tropical species. Such information is important for understanding their life cycle and ecology. In this study, the population structure and reproduction of Uca urvillei were studied at Costa do Sol, a tropical mangrove forest in Maputo Bay, southern Mozambique. Ten 1.0‐m² squares were sampled during low tide periods, between January and December 2003. The population is characterized by normal size distributions, which are slightly skewed to the left. Males on average are larger than females. Males were more abundant than females and the monthly sex ratios were male‐biased. Juveniles were found year‐round but were less common in June and December. Both gonadosomatic index and frequency of ovigerous females showed that Uca urvillei breeds continuously with peaks in summer and a strong decrease in winter. Egg number was proportional to female size.     

深圳湾困难立地红树林修复技术与应用研究

采用3种技术手段(空心砖、定制竹篓I和定制竹篓II), 于2016年在深圳湾开展困难立地条件下的红树林修复试验, 并于4年后从定植技术、经济成本、红树植物种群特征和沉积环境质量方面评价修复效果, 得到如下结果。1) 3种技术手段均能成功地修复桐花树种群, 修复后桐花树的保存率超过87%; 2) 空心砖组的成本低于定制竹篓I组和定制竹篓II组; 3) 红树林种植区沉积物有机质(TOC)和总磷(TP)显著高于裸滩区, 说明红树林能够促进对有机物和磷的截留, 降低其向近海海洋环境逸散的风险。评价结果证明, 采用空心砖、定制竹篓I 和定制竹篓II等技术手段, 能够在深圳湾困难立地成功修复红树林。综合考虑修复效果和经济成本, 建议采用空心砖技术手段对困难立地条件下的红树林进行修复。     

湖区淤积土冲击沉管灌注桩桩身缩颈成因及对策

分析了湖区淤积土振动沉管灌注桩桩身缩颈的成因,通过理论计算、接合实际施工特点,提出了避免桩身出现缩颈的施工对策和施工方法,可供相关工程作为参考。     

南海红树林内生真菌B77次级代谢产物研究

 红树林真菌B77是一株采自湛江红树Kandelia candel种子的内生真菌,该菌的种属尚未鉴定,首次研究了该菌的次级代谢产物。从该菌的培养液中分离得到4个化合物,通过波谱解析以及文献对照,分别鉴定为3-O-methylfusarubin,Fusarubin,大黄素,大黄素甲醚。3-O-methylfusarubin和Fusarubin为首次从海洋真菌中分离得到的化合物,初步的药理活性显示,它们对Staphyococcus aureus ATCC 27154的MIC分别为50.0和12.5μg/mL。考虑到该菌产生的生物活性物质,因此深入研究这一工作具有应用前景。     

南海红树林内源真菌#2240的四个格链孢酚类衍生物次级代谢产物研究

通过人工发酵培养,利用层析技术,首次从南海红树林内源真菌#2240的培养液中分离得到4个格链孢酚类衍生物次级代谢产物,它们分别是：4-甲氧基-10-乙酸格链孢酚酯（化合物1）、格链孢酚（化合物2）、4-甲氧基格链孢酚（化合物3）、4,10-二甲氧基格链孢酚（化合物4）.其结构通过谱图分析（包括1H、13C NMR,DEPT,HMQC,HMBC,HREIMS,UV及IR等）和相关文献得以确定.初步药理实验表明,化合物2和3对KB和KBv200癌细胞具有较强活性,IC50值分别为3.17、3.12μg/mL和4.82、4.94μg/mL,化合物1和4对上述两种癌细胞的抑制活性较弱,IC50值均超过50μg/mL.并且从生源途径角度也初步探索了上述四个化合物之间的相互关系.     

白骨壤果实中抗氧化活性成分研究

【目的】为获得高效的抗氧化先导化合物,对红树白骨壤（犃狏犻犮犲狀狀犻犪犿犪狉犻狀犪）果实中化学成分进行研究.【方法】采用柱色谱和高效液相色谱及细胞定量分析方法,对白骨壤果实中抗氧化活性成分进行研究,并运用色谱分析和文献对照方法,鉴定其化学结构.【结果】从白骨壤果实中分离鉴定了4个具有抗氧化活性的单体化合物,分别为tamarixetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（1）、3,4-dihydroxyphenethylalcohol-6-O-caffeoyl-β-D-glucoside（2）、类叶升麻苷（3）、焦地黄苯乙醇甙C（4）.化合物1～4的EC50值分别为（16.0±0.98）μM,（18.5±1.47）μM,（9.5±1.09）μM 和（12.0±0.89）μM.【结论】红树白骨壤果实中存在着具有强抗氧化活性成分（1～4）,且上述活性成份均为首次从该物种中分离获得.     

广西山口红树林保护区昆虫调查

红树林是保护海岸的重要生物资源。近年来,广西山口红树林保护区管理水平持续提升,红树林生态环境得到良好保护,为各种生物生存繁衍提供了场所和食物来源。为反映保护区的生物资源现状,提供区域内生态环境质量的信息,对山口红树林保护区内昆虫资源进行采集和调查。共获得451种昆虫,分属14个目109个科,重要的危害类群与天敌昆虫均有发现,昆虫种类显著多于以往历次调查的结果。表明山口红树林保护区昆虫物种水平具有较高的多样性,反映出本区域生态环境的多样化与稳定性。