铁锰微量元素对淡水藻类的生长影响研究

以北京市玉渊潭湖自然水体中的藻类为研究对象,分析了Fe3+,Mn2+对藻类生长的影响.结果表明,Fe3+能极大地促进藻类对N,P的吸收,使藻类成倍的增殖,各质量浓度(ρ)表现的促进作用强弱顺序为500,50,5,5 000μg.L-1;在营养充分时,Fe3+可能会成为诱发水华的主要因素.Mn2+对藻类生长的促进作用低于Fe3+,试验结果表明,最适ρ(Mn2+)为50μg.L-1,当ρ(Mn2+)=40 000μg.L-1时,藻类的生长受到抑制.     

广西某锰银矿工艺矿物学及锰的赋存状态

对广西某锰银矿进行了工艺矿物学的研究,查明了锰银原矿石矿矿物成分.金属矿物主要为硬锰矿、软锰矿、黄铁矿、赤铁矿和少量毒砂、黄铜矿、闪锌矿.矿石的主要结构是隐晶质结构、胶状结构、显微鳞片结构及砂质结构.主要的构造是脉状构造、胶状构造、浸染状构造.精矿中银品位是3 923 g.t-1,锰的赋存状态是独立的锰矿物,锰矿物是硬锰矿和软锰矿.精矿中硬锰矿在0.152~0.088 mm粒级范围内占17%,0.088~0.074 mm粒级范围内占38%;>0.074 mm粒级范围占40%;软锰矿在0.152~0.088 mm粒级范围内占18%,0.088~0.074 mm粒级范围内占35%;>0.074 m...     

Effect of thermal aging on the fatigue crack growth behavior of cast duplex stainless steels

The effect of thermal aging on the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of Z3CN20-09M cast duplex stainless steel with low ferrite content was investigated in this study. The crack surfaces and crack growth paths were analyzed to clarify the FCG mechanisms. The microstructure and micromechanical properties before and after thermal aging were also studied. Spinodal decomposition in the aged ferrite phase led to an increase in the hardness and a decrease in the plastic deformation capacity, whereas the hardness and plastic deformation capacity of the austenite phase were almost unchanged after thermal aging. The aged material exhibited a better FCG resistance than the unaged material in the near-threshold regime because of the increased roughness-induced crack closure associated with the tortuous crack path and rougher fracture surface; however, the tendency was reversed in the Paris regime because of the cleavage fracture in the aged ferrite phases.     

Effect of microstructure on the low temperature toughness of high strength pipeline steels

Microstructure observations and drop-weight tear test were performed to study the microstructures and mechanical properties of two kinds of industrial X70 and two kinds of industrial X80 grade pipeline steels. The effective grain size and the fraction of high angle grain boundaries in the pipeline steels were investigated by electron backscatter diffraction analysis. It is found that the low temperature toughness of the pipeline steels depends not only on the effective grain size, but also on other microstructural factors such as martensite-austenite (MA) constituents and precipitates. The morphology and size of MA constituents significantly affect the mechanical properties of the pipeline steels. Nubby MA constituents with large size have significant negative effects on the toughness, while smaller granular MA constituents have less harmful effects. Similarly, larger Ti-rich nitrides with sharp corners have a strongly negative effect on the toughness, while fine, spherical Nb-rich carbides have a less deleterious effect. The low temperature toughness of the steels is independent of the fraction of high angle grain boundaries.     

Hot deformation mechanism and microstructure evolution of an ultra-high nitrogen austenitic steel containing Nb and V

The flow curves of an ultra-high nitrogen austenitic steel containing niobium (Nb) and vanadium (V) were obtained by hot compression deformation at temperatures ranging from 1000℃ to 1200℃ and strain rates ranging from 0.001 s-1 to 10 s-1. The mechanical behavior during hot deformation was discussed on the basis of flow curves and hot processing maps. The microstructures were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. The relationship between deformation conditions and grain size after dynamic recrystallization was obtained. The results show that the flow stress and peak strain both increase with decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate. The hot deformation activation energy is approximately 631 kJ/mol, and a hot deformation equation is proposed. (Nb,V)N precipitates with either round, square, or irregular shapes are observed at the grain boundaries and in the matrix after deformation. According to the discussion, the hot working should be processed in the temperature range of 1050℃ to 1150℃ and in the strain rate range of 0.01 to 1 s-1.     

Effects of cooling rate and Al on MnS formation in medium-carbon non-quenched and tempered steels

The effect of Al on the morphology of MnS in medium-carbon non-quenched and tempered steel was investigated at three different cooling rates of 0.24, 0.43, and 200℃·s-1. The formation mechanisms of three types of MnS were elucidated based on phase diagram information combined with crystal growth models. The morphology of MnS is governed by the precipitation mode and the growth conditions. A monotectic reaction and subsequent fast solidification lead to globular Type I MnS. Type II MnS inclusions with different morphological characteristics form as a result of a eutectic reaction followed by the growth in the Fe matrix. Type III MnS presents a divorced eutectic morphology. At the cooling rate of 0.24℃·s-1, the precipitation of dispersed Type III MnS is significantly enhanced by the addition of 0.044wt% acid-soluble Al (Al_s), while Type II MnS clusters prefer to form in steels with either 0.034wt% or 0.052wt% Al_s. At the relatively higher cooling rates of 200℃·s-1 and 0.43℃·s-1, the formation of Type I and Type II MnS inclusions is promoted, and the influence of Al is negligible. The results of this work are expected to be employed in practice to improve the mechanical properties of non-quenched and tempered steels.     

Morphology,size and distribution of MnS inclusions in non-quenched and tempered steel during heat treatment

This article reports the morphology, size, and distribution evolution of MnS inclusions in non-quenched and tempered steel during heat treatment. The variation of single large-sized MnS inclusions at high temperature was observed in situ using a confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM). The slender MnS inclusions first changed to pearl-like strings. These small-sized pearls subsequently coalesced and became closer together as the temperature increased. Large-sized MnS inclusions in non-quenched and tempered steel samples with different thermal histories were investigated with respect to the evolution of their morphology, size, and distribution. After 30 min of ovulation at 1573 K, the percentage of MnS inclusions larger than 3 μm decreased from 50.5% to 3.0%. After a 3 h soaking period, Ostwald ripening occurred. Most MnS inclusions moved from the grain boundaries to the interior. The present study demonstrates that heat treatment is an effective method of changing the morphology, size, and distribution of MnS inclusions, especially large-sized ones.     

Control of the precipitation of TiN inclusions in gear steels

In the 20CrMnTi steel production process, the nitrogen content increased by 19 × 10?6 and 29 × 10?6, respectively, during ladle furnace (LF) refining and during the casting process from ladle to tundish. The protective casting is the key to decrease the N content. The results of thermodynamic calculations and a growth kinetics investigation show that TiN formation occurs only when the solidification fraction is greater than 0.533 under the controlled conditions used in this study for the manufacture of 20CrMnTi steel; the radius of TiN particles decreases as the Ti and N contents decrease and as the cooling rate increases. Furthermore, the theory of austenite grains controlled by second-phase particles was analyzed. The elemental analysis results showed that the Ti content was controlled at 0.04wt%–0.06wt% and the N content decreased to 0.005wt%, which satisfy the requirements for grain refinement but can also effectively prevent the precipitation of TiN inclusions in 20CrMnTi steel.     

不同Li/Mn摩尔比尖晶石型锰酸锂中锂离子的酸处理抽出

采用熔融盐法合成了2种不同Li/Mn摩尔比的尖晶石型锰酸锂.在水溶液中用稀盐酸、(NH4)S2O8介质对其进行处理,旨在观察这2种化合物中的Li+离子抽出行为.结果表明对于Li+来说,2种酸溶液的抽出效果相似;Li+离子抽出表现为离子交换反应和氧化还原反应.HCl对于Mn的溶出率大,但是(NH4)2S2O8溶液几乎不溶解这2种锰酸盐.Mn的平均氧化态低的尖晶石被氧化性酸处理时,有更多的Mn3+转化成Mn4+.     

MnO_2/竹炭超级电容器电极材料的性能

采用机械球磨法将竹炭和MnO2按不同比例复合,得到一系列不同配比的MnO2/竹炭电容器电极复合材料,对其进行扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD)和热重分析(TG-DSC),并进行循环伏安和电化学充放电测试。结果发现,当MnO2在复合材料中的质量分数为1%时,电极比容量可以达到338 F/g,100次循环后维持在260 F/g,显示很好的电化学性能。