多星载光学传感器系统误差极大似然配准算法

针对低轨星座协同探测弹道目标过程中存在系统误差的问题,提出多星载光学传感器系统误差极大似然配准（maximum likehood registration,MLR）算法。通过一阶Taylor近似对非线性量测转换线性化,推导出目标状态的误差协方差与卫星轨道定向、姿态角测量和传感器测量等随机误差的关系,并基于视线交叉获得观测在状态空间中的近似投影,从而将MLR算法扩展到低轨星座多光学传感器的误差配准。通过引入各类测量误差的先验信息对目标状态的误差协方差进行修正,利用期望极大化迭代,实现了对系统误差的无偏有效估计及目标轨迹的融合估计。仿真验证了所提算法的有效性,且配准性能优越。     

稀土氧化物对氧化铝复相陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响

研究了Y2O3,CeO2,La2O3等稀土氧化物及复合稀土氧化物对热压烧结法制备氧化锆增韧氧化铝复相陶瓷力学性能和显微组织的影响.结果表明,适量的稀土氧化物添加剂可改善氧化铝陶瓷的显微结构,加速烧结,有利于致密化并保持较好的力学性能.不同稀土氧化物及添加量对氧化铝陶瓷的显微结构和力学性能具有不同的影响.     

土体加、卸载土工参数的区别

围绕卸荷问题研究了卸载土体抗剪强度、静止土压力系数及回弹模量等的变化规律,并就土体加、卸载状态的区别进行了分析,意在强调加、卸载土工参数的选取应有所不同.     

论晚清诸子学研究中"以西释子"的学术特色

在晚清诸子学研究中,由于西学的广泛传播、"西学中源"说的再次兴起和研究方法的内在需要,出现了"以西释子"的学术特色。其发展在晚清大致经历了从通过西学对诸子的再注解来发掘诸子中的自然科技,到阐发诸子中的现代价值观念两个阶段,出现了一系列"以西释子"的学术专著。由于这一学术特色的出现,为中国近代学术研究提供了新的研究方法,推动了西学的中国化和传统文化的现代化,也促进了儒学独尊地位的瓦解。     

Re-situating fieldwork and re-narrating disciplinary history in global mega-geomorphology

In 1985, more than thirty geomorphologists, planetary scientists, and remote sensing specialists gathered at a conference center in Oracle, Arizona, to discuss an emerging area of research that they called “mega-geomorphology.” Building on a conference of the same name held in London in 1981, they argued that new techniques of remote sensing and insights emerging from the study of extraterrestrial planets had created opportunities for geomorphology to broaden its spatial and temporal scope. This new approach was, however, neither unproblematic nor uncontested. In the discussions around mega-geomorphology that took place in the mid-1980s, the perceived conflict between the use of remote-sensing techniques to observe phenomena on vast spatial scales, on one hand, and the disciplinary centrality of fieldwork and field experience to geomorphology, on the other, was a recurrent theme. In response, mega-geomorphologists attempted to re-situate fieldwork and re-narrate disciplinary histories in such a way as to make remote sensing and planetary science not only compatible with geomorphological traditions but also means of revitalizing them. Only partially successful, these attempts reveal that the process of adopting a planetary perspective in geomorphology, as in other earth sciences, was neither straightforward nor inevitable. They also show how the field and fieldwork could remain central to geomorphology while also being extensively revised in light of new technical possibilities and theoretical frameworks.     

国际临界带研究发展回顾与美国临界带研究进展介绍

基于对临界带国际发展态势的分析,梳理了临界带的概念;回顾了国际临界带研究的发展历程;并重点对美国在临界带研究方面的进展及其已经部署的6个临界带观测站进行了详细的介绍。     

Varieties of noise: Analogical reasoning in synthetic biology

The picture of synthetic biology as a kind of engineering science has largely created the public understanding of this novel field, covering both its promises and risks. In this paper, we will argue that the actual situation is more nuanced and complex. Synthetic biology is a highly interdisciplinary field of research located at the interface of physics, chemistry, biology, and computational science. All of these fields provide concepts, metaphors, mathematical tools, and models, which are typically utilized by synthetic biologists by drawing analogies between the different fields of inquiry. We will study analogical reasoning in synthetic biology through the emergence of the functional meaning of noise, which marks an important shift in how engineering concepts are employed in this field. The notion of noise serves also to highlight the differences between the two branches of synthetic biology: the basic science-oriented branch and the engineering-oriented branch, which differ from each other in the way they draw analogies to various other fields of study. Moreover, we show that fixing the mapping between a source domain and the target domain seems not to be the goal of analogical reasoning in actual scientific practice.     

稀土Ho3＋/Yb3＋共掺SrBi4Ti4O15高温铁电陶瓷的上转换发光及其温度传感特性

Sr Bi4Ti4O15是一种具有高居里温度（Tc）、高机械品质因数和大电阻率的铋层状结构铁电、压电多功能材料,通过掺入稀土离子的手段,可使其具有上转换发光的特性,并且可以在一定程度上改善其电学性能.在本文中,同时将Ho3＋和Yb3＋对A位的Bi进行取代,其中Ho3＋的取代量为0.06 mol-1,Yb3＋的取代范围为0≤x≤0.3,采用传统的固相烧结法制备了Sr Bi3.94-xHo0.06YbxTi4O15陶瓷.主要通过控制Ho3＋离子的量不变,调节Yb3＋离子的浓度来研究不同稀土离子掺杂量对Sr Bi4Ti4O15陶瓷的形貌、上转换发光特性、以及介电性能的影响.在使用980 nm的红外激光器对Sr Bi3.94-xHo0.06YbxTi4O15陶瓷进行激发下,从上转换发光图谱中可以观察到三个峰,分别为峰位在547 nm附近较强的绿色发光、659附近以及759 nm处的较弱的红色发光.同时可以看到,随着Yb3＋浓度的增加,绿色上转换发光的强度表现出先增强,后减弱的规律,且当Yb3＋取代量为x=0.15时,绿色上转换发光强度达到最大值.通过研究上转换发光强度与激发光功率的关系得到,绿色和红色上转换发光均为双光子吸收过程.在研究Sr Bi3.79Ho0.06Yb0.15Ti4O15样品上转换发光与温度的关系时,可以观测到随着温度的增加,547 nm处的绿色上转换发光和659 nm处的红色上转换发光的强度均随之减弱,且I659 nm与I547 nm的荧光强度比与温度存在线性关系,利用这种温度与上转换发光强度的关系,可将Sr Bi3.94-xHo0.06YbxTi4O15陶瓷应用于光学温度传感器.     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金微合金化的研究进展

就单一合金元素及复合多种合金元素对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金的铸态组织、析出相、力学性能及腐蚀性能的影响进行综述。单独加入稀土元素Er,Ce,Ho,Sc等,可以净化基体,使合金熔铸缺陷明显减少,细化晶粒,促进合金元素在基体中的固溶,使晶界减少偏析;单独加入微量的Zr,可以提高合金的再结晶温度,抗拉强度,应力腐蚀能力;复合添加稀土及其他微量合金元素,对提高铝合金的综合性能更为有效。     

虚拟现实技术在地球科学中的应用现状与前景展望

根据国内文献综述了虚拟现实技术在地球科学各学科主要应用研究进展,分析了应用研究的现状,指出应用研究要解决的主要关键问题是各种虚拟场景建模和各专业模型的建立,提出了未来应用研究的六个主要方向.