严格鞍点的查找算法

对两人有限零和对策，可以通过搜索其赢得矩阵的鞍点来求得其优化解，对搜索赢得矩阵中的严格鞍点提出了一个快速算法，并对其进行了时间复杂度的分析。     

成年雄性斑胸草雀脑多巴胺D1受体的分布

多巴胺是脑内关键的神经递质,它通过与多巴胺受体的作用及其下游的一系列反应来影响基因表达、神经调节和行为活动.在成年鸣禽中,中脑多巴胺能神经元投射到X区、HVC和RA等鸣唱相关核团,释放多巴胺的量受一定社会情境的影响,从而表现出directed song和undirected song等不同鸣唱行为.获得斑胸草雀脑中多巴胺受体的表达情况,为与社会情境有关的鸣唱行为及其他和多巴胺相关的行为活动的神经机制探究提供了基础,并可促进行为学、电生理等方面的研究.我们发现D1受体在斑胸草雀脑中的分布与其mRNA的分布基本一致:在脑的绝大部分区域都有分布;主要鸣唱核团HVC和RA有表达,与其周围区域差异不明显;LMAN中表达量较少;DLM中的表达量较高,并与其周围区域差异明显.但是纹状体内的表达与其周围区域的差异性没有mRNA明显;GCT中的表达量较多,与周围区域差异明显.     

The green June beetle (Cotinis nitida) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): local variation in the beetle’s major avian predators and in the competition for mates

The green June beetle (Cotinis nitida) was observed in northern Virginia for a second and third flight season. The study yielded some results that were consistent with earlier findings, namely that mate-locating beetles were vulnerable to attack by avian predators and matings occurred primarily early in the flight season. Novel findings included the following: (1) blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) were the major predators, not common grackles (Quiscalus quiscala), (2) some jays appeared to selectively prey on female beetles, (3) competition for mates among male beetles could be so intense that some males attempted to copulate with already mated (unreceptive) females, and (4) the sex ratio of the beetle population feeding on wild blackberries remained near equality late in the flight season despite the fact that the sex ratio of the population of beetles at the emergence site became highly female-biased over time.     

湖州市吴兴区体育彩票彩民消费现状的调查研究

采用问卷调查法、专家访谈法、文献资料法、数理统计法等科研方法,对湖州市吴兴区电脑型体育彩票不同彩民消费情况进行调查．调查研究表明：体育彩票消费群体呈多样性;彩民以中青年为主,彩民年龄结构趋于年轻化;彩民的消费心理是比较成熟、健康的;体育彩票的最高奖金额的获得为彩民购买彩票的主要动机;电脑型体育彩票具有良好的市场前景．     

男子110 m栏运动员身体素质敏感指标模型与成绩预测

在2004年全国田径大奖赛(南宁站、桂林站、石家庄站、北京站、合肥站)期间,对我国高水平男子110 m栏运动队的教练员、运动员进行问卷调查、访谈,并采用训练实地测试等方法,收集整理了有关男子110 m栏运动员专项身体素质的指标数据,通过数理统计分析,找出了影响我国男子110 m栏优秀运动员成绩的主要身体素质指标,并运用逐步回归的方法对7项身体素质指标进行筛选,建立了运动员身体素质敏感指标专项成绩预测模型.     

Use of space by the marsupials Gracilinanus microtarsus (Gardner and Creighton, 1989) and Marmosops incanus (Lund, 1840) in an Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil

The use of space by animals is determined by environmental conditions, biological and ecological adaptations and interactions and mostly by resource availability. We sampled two species of Neotropical mammals to investigate their use of different strata in Atlantic Forest habitat in Brazil, as well as the home range sizes and movements of both sexes of each species. We found no difference in home ranges and movements between the sexes and species, but we found differences in the use of strata, with Gracilinanus microtarsus mostly using the canopy and Marmosops incanus using the ground. Gracilinanus microtarsus males mostly use the understorey in the wet season and the canopy in the dry season. We believe that these patterns of strata use reflect intrinsic characteristics of the species; and the shifts in resources and interspecific competition, which are lower in the dry season, seem to be responsible for the shifts in space use observed for G. microtarsus males. We recommend studies with spool-and-line techniques or radio tracking to further test refined hypotheses regarding the use of space, including the role of territoriality in females.     

Taxonomic notes on the Asian frogs of the tribe Paini (Ranidae,Dicroglossinae): 1. Morphology and synonymy of Chaparana aenea (Smith, 1922), with proposal of a new statistical method for testing homogeneity of small samples

The species from northern Vietnam described as Rana fansipani Bourret, is shown to be a synonym of the species from northern Thailand described as Rana aenea Smith, . The male secondary sex characters of this species are described in detail for the first time. Combined with a few other characters, they allow this species to be distinguished from the closely related Rana unculuanus Liu, Hu and Yang, 1960 from southern China. Both species should be placed in a subgenus Chaparana (Chaparana), a member of the tribe Paini of the subfamily Dicroglossinae of the Ranidae. In this study, we propose a new statistical method for testing homogeneity of small samples: this consists of considering the values obtained for each specimen and for each regression factor score as morphometric characteristics of this specimen within the frame of this analysis; these values, or some of them, can be used to compare subgroups of specimens by non‐parametric tests such as the Mann–Whitney U test.     

Indirect and direct acoustic aggression in cicadas: first observations in the Palaearctic genus Tibicina Amyot (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae)

Tibicina Amyot is a cicada genus of the Palaearctic biogeographical region with seven taxa (species and subspecies) distributed in France. As in other cicadas, the sound production by tymbal vibration is restricted to males. In Tibicina, males are attracted by conspecific calling songs and tend to form groups of several individuals which maintain a minimal distance between each other. Observations based upon male–male interactions in such aggregations and on some preliminary experiments conducted with males kept in captivity revealed for the first time both indirect and direct aggression. Spacing and chorusing are interpreted as a by-product of indirect aggression mediated through the calling song. Direct aggression occurred when spacing is not respected. It is achieved through a ritualistic sequence that involves mainly the production of the rivalry song, an acoustic signal previously reported in the literature for two cicada species only. In addition, satellite males and male–male courting are reported. These preliminary results suggest that the sound social organization in the genus Tibicina is more elaborate than first suspected and should be reconsidered in terms of lek behaviour and sexual selection.     

对图书馆男馆员心理状态的测试分析与思考

以320名男性馆员为调查对象,采用卡特尔16种人格测试法和访谈法进行心理测试,确定其真实的心理状态。依据测试结果,查找当前困扰图书馆男性馆员心理健康问题及其形成原因,提出了缓解男馆员心理压力的应对措施及有效途径。     

对沈阳市少年网球选手正手击球能力影响因素的研究

正手击球是网球技术中最常用的击球方法,也是每个网球选手所必须掌握的基本技术之一,许多网坛高手都是以此作为主要进攻手段。少年网球选手要想在比赛中控制比赛节奏并取胜,就必须拥有良好的正手击球能力。本文通过对沈阳市少年网球选手生理、心理和技术特点的分析,针对训练时存在的问题及原因提出建议,为提高少年选手正手击球能力和整体实力水平奠定良好的基础。