Chitin synthetase activity and inhibition in different insect microsomal preparations

Summary To facilitate massive screening and for structure-activity relationship studies of chitin synthesis inhibitors, methods to obtain the chitin synthetase (CS) containing microsomal fraction from the postmitochondrial supernatant were examined. Compared with fractionation by differential centrifugation, the CaCl₂ precipitate yielded the most active CS preparation. Acidification (pH 5.6) and polyethylene glycol 8000 (5%) treatments resulted in relatively low CS activity. Inhibitory effects were detected with polyoxin-D and 1-geranyl-2-methyl benzimidazole, a novel CS inhibitor, but not with benzoylphenyl ureas.     

氮素胁迫对玉米光合及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

以重庆市对氮素利用率不同的3个玉米品种为材料,研究了氮素胁迫对3个玉米品种光合及叶绿素荧光参数的影响.结果表明,不同氮素胁迫对玉米幼苗叶片的光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数有显著影响.随着氮素胁迫的加剧,玉米叶片的光合色素质量分数降低,光合能力减弱,表现为净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、光饱和点、光补偿点、实际光化学量子产量、最大光化学量子产量、光化学淬灭系数逐渐降低,而非光化学淬灭逐渐增加.与正常氮素水平比较,轻度氮素胁迫下各玉米品种幼苗相关指标的降低或增加幅度不同,其中雅玉2号的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度Pn、实际光化学量子产量、最大光化学量子产量、光化学淬灭系数的降低幅度和非光化学淬灭的增加幅度均较小,农大108居中,成单14号的变幅最大.     

湿热处理对玉米淀粉理化性质及消化性的影响

在不同的水分含量下对普通玉米淀粉进行了湿热处理,研究了湿热处理对玉米淀粉颗粒形貌、黏度、热力学性质、结晶性和消化性的影响.结果表明:湿热处理玉米淀粉的颗粒外形仍保持完整,但颗粒表面出现破损,偏光十字仍存在,高水分含量下处理时部分偏光十字消失;经湿热处理后,淀粉起糊温度提高,峰值黏度、终止黏度和崩解值下降,淀粉糊化过程吸热焓变减小;结晶度随湿热处理水分含量先增加后减小,在高水分含量下处理的淀粉中出现A+V型结晶峰,表明形成了淀粉脂质复合物;抗性和慢消化淀粉含量随湿热处理水分含量的提高而增加.     

玉米抗旱性评价指标的系统分析

对可用于玉米抗旱性评价的指标进行了系统研究,并借引了灰色关联度分析法进行了评价指标的筛选。研究结果表明:对于一个玉米品种进行抗旱性鉴定,不仅需进行多指标的重复测定,且需综合评定各生育时期的抗旱性。因而提出种子萌发胁迫指数、干旱后幼苗存活率、抗旱系数三位一体的初级鉴定指标,同时结合光合速率、ABA含量、NRase活性等次级鉴定指标的玉米抗旱性鉴定指标体系。表1,参28。     

黄浆粉替代豆粕酿造酱油工艺研究

本文讨论了黄浆粉替代豆粕酿造酱油的可行性。采用黄浆粉：豆粕：麸皮＝３∶３∶４的原料配比，利用通风制曲和固态低盐发酵工艺较为理想，生产出的成品酱油符合ＺＢＸ６６０１３－８７标准，风味可与豆粕酱油毗美。     

Analysis of the Protein Electrophoresis Patterns of Curvularia Lunata in Maize and Immunological Detection of the Pathogenic Culture

Twelve isolates of Curvularia lunata and six related species from maize or other host plants are examined for the analysis of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) patterns of their soluble proteins,Differences exist significantly among different species and the same species.There is a special protein band for Curvularia at relative mobility value 0.177(Rf 0.177) and a special protein band for C.lunata at Rf 0.225,Two kinds of rpimary antibodies to C.lunata are used to indirect ELISA and Avidin-Biotion-peroxidase Complex(ABC) immunoassay to evaluate their detecting sensitivity and specificity,The sensitivity of ABC immuno- assay is higher than indirect ELISA.APAbs to C.lunata is special to C.lunata.     

复合湿热处理对苦荞全粉理化特性及体外消化性的影响

采用湿热处理(HM-T)、湿热复合普鲁兰酶处理(HM-E-T)、湿热复合微波处理(HM-M-T)、湿热复合柠檬酸处理(HM-C-T)4种方法,研究不同湿热处理对苦荞全粉(N-T) 理化特性及消化性的影响。结果表明:经处理后苦荞全粉总膳食纤维和直链淀粉含量显著增加(P>0.05),其中HM-E-T效果最显著,HM-C-T次之;差示热量扫描仪检测结果显示,湿热处理后苦荞全粉黏度均显著降低且相变峰消失;X射线衍射结果表明,HM-T淀粉仍为A型结晶,HM-E-T淀粉由A型淀粉转变为A+B+V的多晶型,而HM-M-T和HM-C-T淀粉失去了原有晶形结构,淀粉相对结晶度从23.0%(N-T)下降至20.9%(HM-T)、18.4%(HM-E-T)、12.6%(HM-M-T)和10.6%(HM-C-T);扫描电子显微镜和激光共聚焦电子显微镜观察结果表明,处理后的苦荞全粉微观结构发生不同程度的变化,蛋白质和淀粉发生一定程度复合。体外消化结果显示,苦荞全粉中抗性淀粉质量分数从9.69%(N-T)分别增加到11.49%(HM-T)、14.12%(HM-E-T)、11.97%(HM-M-T)、13.01%(HM-C-T);预估血糖生成指数(eGI)出现不同程度的降低,即57.85(N-T)>56.03(HM-T)>55.65(HM-M-T)>55.18(HM-C-T)>50.22(HM-E-T),特别是HM-E-T后的苦荞全粉eGI值降低效果最明显。复合湿热处理比湿热处理更能有效降低餐后谷物血糖生成指数(GI)值,其中HM-E-T后的苦荞全粉可作为低GI食品的理想原料。     

云南省玉米灰斑病菌孢子相关生物学特性研究

为探明玉米灰斑病在云南省发病较重的原因,该试验在田间条件下,采用人工喷雾接种玉米灰斑病菌,研究玉米灰斑病潜育期、病斑产孢、孢子飞散以及菌龄、温度、湿度和光照对孢子萌发的影响.结果表明:昆明地区玉米灰斑病在感病品种会单4号上的潜育期为12～13d;病斑产孢量随显症天数的增加呈单峰曲线,显症后24～27d病斑产孢量达到最大值;玉米灰斑病菌孢子主要在夜间飞散,风或雨有助于孢子的飞散与传播;菌龄对孢子萌发影响较大,随菌龄的增长,孢子萌发率降低;在10～30℃时,分生孢子均能萌发,但以22℃最适,35℃以上或4℃时均不能萌发;水滴有利于孢子萌发,光照对孢子萌发影响较小.     

密度对不同株型玉米产量及主要农艺性状的影响

该试验选取平展型长玉13、半紧凑型东单60和紧凑型郑单958等3种株型玉米为试材,分别在39 000,48 000,57 000株/hm2等3个密度下种植,分析了种植密度对不同株型玉米籽粒产量、穗粒性状和植株性状的影响.结果表明:3个品种的玉米产量随种植密度的增加而增加,且半紧凑型东单60产量最高;随种植密度的增加,行粒数、穗长、穗粗、轴粗、穗位叶面积和千粒质量呈下降趋势;株高、穗位高和雄穗分枝数呈上升趋势;各性状受株型与密度的互作影响不大.因此,在重庆提高玉米单产的关键是选取优良的丰产品种,并合理密植.     

Changes in the power spectrum of electrical signals in maize leaf induced by osmotic stress

To quantify the characteristics of the power spectrum of plant electrical signals, we defined the following concepts:spectral edge frequency (SEF), spectral center frequency (SCF), power index (PI) and power spectral entropy (PSE). These parameters were used to examine and quantify changes in the power spectrum of electrical signals in maize leaves under osmotic stress. In the absence of osmotic stress, the SEF of the electrical signal in maize leaves was approx. 0.2 Hz and the SCF was approx. 0.1 Hz. The electrical signal in maize leaves was mainly a slow wave signal with a frequency of 0-0.1 Hz. After 2 h osmotic stress, the SEF and SCF of the electrical signal increased to higher frequencies. The proportion of the fast wave frequency also increased to 0.1-0.2 Hz, resulting in a dramatic increase in PSE. We also found that the changes in PSE and SCF were significantly correlated during osmotic stress. We propose that the changes in the PSE and SCF in maize leaves can be used as a sensitive signal indicating water deficit in leaf cells under osmotic stress. Thus, measurement of SCF or PSE of electrical signals in maize leaves could be used to develop early warning and rapid diagnosis techniques for the water demands of plants.