Growth inhibitory,insecticidal and antifeedant effects of some antileukemic and cytotoxic quassinoids on two species of agricultural pests

Summary Several quassinoids, obtained by isolation and derivatization fromSimaba multiflora andSoulamea soulameoides, were evaluated for growth inhibitory and insecticidal effects against the tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) and for antifeedant effects againstH. virescens and the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). The relative activity of the quassinoids as insect growth inhibitors generally paralleled their known relative potency as antileukemic and cytotoxic agents.Phytochemical aspects of this work were supported by Contract CM-97295 with the Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. Insects were kindly supplied by the agency of the United States Department of Agriculture at Brownsville, TX.     

介入治疗中欧乃派克和泛影葡胺的副反应的对比研究

目的 比较介入治疗中使用非离子型造影剂欧乃派克和离子型造影剂泛影葡胺引起的副反应.方法 收集各种原因行介入手术治疗1 000例.其中500例使用非离子型造影剂欧乃派克.另500例使用离子型造影剂泛影葡胺.回顾性对比分析两组病例的副反应.结果 欧乃派克组副反应发生率明显低于泛影葡胺组.结论 非离子型造影剂的副反应发生率明显低于离子型造影剂(Z=7.346.P<0.001).介入中尽量用非离子型造影剂.减少副作用的发生.     

蛹虫草菌丝对罗氏沼虾免疫功能的影响

在罗氏沼虾饵料中添加w=1%、2%、3%蛹虫草菌丝能提高罗氏沼虾血清PO活力、肌肉SOD活力、 GSH-Px活力,并同时降低MDA含量.经嗜水气单胞菌攻毒后,实验组的免疫保护率也明显提高.结果证明,蛹虫草菌丝可提高罗氏沼虾的免疫能力,增强抗嗜水气单胞菌的能力.     

系统药物学

系统药物学,是在系统水平认识药物,研究药物作用的系统性、多组分药物系统、和药物信息分子。系统药物学包括计算系统药物学、实验系统药物学及系统药物治疗学,需要引入新的思路、技术、算法与软件、设备等。中药现代化的方向是系统药物学,中药西化只是其组成部分之一。同时,要西药中化,西药中化与中药西化将成为构建系统药物学理论体系的重要组成部分。本文还讨论了系统药物学研究对药物发现和个性化治疗的意义。     

Multicategory Purchase Incidence Models for Partitions of Product Categories

We analyze multicategory purchases of households by means of heterogeneous multivariate probit models that relate to partitions formed from a total of 25 product categories. We investigate both prior and post hoc partitions. We search model structures by a stochastic algorithm and estimate models by Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. The best model in terms of cross‐validated log‐likelihood refers to a post hoc partition with two groups; the second‐best model considers all categories as one group. Among prior partitions with at least two category groups a five‐group model performs best. Effects on average basket value differ for the model with five prior category groups from those for the best‐performing model in 40% and 24% of the investigated categories for features and displays, respectively. In addition, the model with five prior category groups also underestimates total sales revenue across all categories by about 28%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Heterogeneous Asymmetric Dynamic Conditional Correlation Model with Stock Return and Range

The paper considers the return and range model with dynamic conditional correlations (DCC). The paper suggests the new specifications for the asymmetric effects on log‐volatilities and dynamic correlations, combined with long‐run dependences. The new DCC model can be estimated by the quasi‐maximum likelihood method. Empirical analysis on Nikkei 225, Hang Seng and Straits Times indices shows the daily, weekly and monthly pattern of asymmetric effects. For the period including the global financial crisis, the new DCC model provides plausible one‐step‐ahead forecasts of the VaR thresholds, and yields positive economic values of switching from other DCC models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

反思核风险,重视民生安全文化建设——关于核风险及其规避相关几个问题的哲学思考

核能发展是双刃剑,它在造福人类的过程中,其自身也存在着许多潜在的和现实的风险。本文立足于全球化风险传播、分配、危害等视域,深刻探讨了核风险的基本特征及其破坏性,并从资本负面效应与工具理性张扬相结合的维度,分析了核风险生成的原因,指明核风险的全球性对人类产生的破坏是巨大的、残酷的、深远的。藉此,强调加强民生安全文化建设的重要性,剖析了民生安全文化的人本价值取向及其道德规约功能。最后,本文指出,在我国核能事业走向深入发展的关键阶段中,应重视民生安全文化的建设,这一理念有利于避免资本负面效应以及工具理性张扬、价值理性弱化的趋势,有利于重塑核能发展的价值理性与道德理性,来预防、规避和限制核风险的发生,保证人的本体性存在与环境可持续发展之安全,促进社会的和谐与稳定。     

放射性重离子束在生命科学领域的应用

应用放射性重离子注入活细胞和生物大分子，然后采用放射自显影，放射性测量和分子操作等研究技术，可对重离子注入质量沉积效应开展进一步的研究。放射性束还可应用于一些基本生物学问题的阐明及放射性药物的研制等方面。     

Ecological long-term effects of cultigens becoming feral and of naturalization of non-native species

Transgenic cultigens may become feral as we know of some non-transgenic cultigens. The article explains two basic ways how cultigens become feral: through hybridization with a closely related wild plant and through revert to the wild-type. A long list of examples of cultigens becoming feral in Central Europe is presented. The process of becoming feral is compared to the naturalization of non-native species (Exotic Species Model). Ecological long-term effects of both cultigens becoming feral and non-native species being naturalized are discussed with special regard to the predictability of such events. The ecological aspects discussed in the article are as significant for transgenic cultigens as for non-transgenic cultigens.     

Triphasic vascular effects of thiol compounds and their oxidized forms on dog coronary arteries

The vascular effects of 2-mercaptoethanol, cysteamine, L-cysteine, glutathione (GSH), cystamine and oxidized GSH (GSSG) on the isometric tension of isolated dog coronary arterial strips were examined, and these effects were compared with the triphasic response induced by dithiothreitol (DTT); a rapid and weak contraction (phase A), an intervening slow relaxation (phase B) and a slowly-developing strong contraction (phase C) which we previously reported. The responses of the arteries induced by 2-mercaptoethanol, cysteamine and L-cysteine consisted of phases A, B and C. The order of contractile potency (ED₅₀ of phase C) was DTTL-cysteine>2-mercaptoethanolcysteamine, while the order of relaxant potency (ED₅₀ of phase B) was DTT>cysteamine2-mercaptoethanol. GSSG and cystamine mainly produced relaxation, which corresponded to phase B. The phase C contraction was specific to the reduced forms of thiols, except for GSH, which produced only relaxation. The participation of endothelial cells was not essential for the contracting or relaxing effects of the thiol compounds. The phase C contraction was depressed by W-7, a calmodulin antagonist, while phase A was not. Therefore calmodulin-dependent protein kinases may participate in phase C, not in phase A.