Entropy budget of the earth, atmosphere and ocean system

The energy budget in the system of the earth, atmosphere and ocean conforms to the first law of thermodynamics, namely the law of conservation of energy, and it is balanced when the system is in a steady-state condition. However, the entropy budget following the second law of thermodynamics is unbalanced. In this paper, we deduce the expressions of entropy flux and re-estimate the earth, atmosphere and ocean annual mean entropy budget with the updated climatologically global mean energy budget and the climatologically air-sea flux data. The calculated results show that the earth system obtains a net influx of negative entropy (-1179.3 mWm-2K-1) from its surroundings, and the atmosphere and the ocean systems obtain a net input of negative entropy at about -537.4 mWm-2K-1 and -555.6 mWm-2K-1, respectively. Calculations of the entropy budget can provide some guidance for further understanding the spatial-temporal change of the local entropy flux, and the entropy production resulting from all kinds of irreversible processes inside these systems.     

Detection of the translational oscillations of the Earth''''s solid inner core based on the international superconducting gravimeter observations

Before about 100 years, the layered structures of the Earths body and the existence of the liquid core had been found, then the solid inner core and detailed structures in the interior of the Earth are demonstrated, it proves that the satisfied achievements had been obtained in recogni-tion of the Earths interior structures. In recent years, with the increasing requirements of the basic sciences and space techniques to geodynamics of the Earths interior, the theoretical study and practical de…     

基于综合赋权的风险型多属性决策方法

讨论了属性值是有限区间上的连续型随机变量的风险型多属性决策问题。首先,通过密度函数的变换,研究了风险决策矩阵的规范化问题。基于主客观赋权的思想,建立了一个确定综合权重的模型,并给出了求解此类问题的一种方法。最后,以属性值为区间数的多属性决策问题作为特殊情况,给出了实例。     

脉冲导函数对UWB信号功率谱的影响分析

根据美国联邦电信委员会（FCC）对超宽带（UWB）信号功率谱分布的规定，论述了作为UWB通信信息载体的脉冲波形对UWB信号功率谱分布的重要性，推导出在脉冲位置调制（PPM）方式下，高斯脉冲及其导函数与UWB信号功率谱中心频率之间的关系．     

Measurement of Magnetization Curve and Magnetic Relaxation for 2H-NbSe2 Crystals

The characteristics of electronic transport properties: behaviors of magnetization curve and magnetic relaxation of a typical normal superconductor 2H-NbSe2 are investigated. The results show that Tc and △Tc of the samples are 7. 2,0. 18 K, indicating that superconducting energy gap at zero temperature is 1. 1 meV. No fish tail shape is found in the magnetization curves at several temperatures. The relationship between remnant magnetic moment and time reveals that the magnetic flux creep of the sample agrees with the Kim-Anderson thermal activation model with the relaxation rate S=0.000 36 at T=6 K.     

锑烯纳米结构等离激元的第一性原理研究

利用含时密度泛函理论(time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT)),研究了锑烯纳米结构表面等离激元的激发特性,并给出了微扰场沿着扶手椅边界和Z字边界激发时锑烯纳米结构的吸收光谱.结果表明沿不同的方向激发,吸收光谱不同.距锑烯纳米结构表面0.9处的能量共振点的电荷密度分布表明,在低能共振区,等离激元共振属于键合二聚体的等离激元模式(BDP).     

低温工况下燃料电池性能衰减及策略优化

利用极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、循环伏安(CV)及分区测试技术等表征手段,从不同角度对质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)在低温(0℃)存储和启动工况下的性能衰减进行研究.结果表明:停机过程无气体吹扫的情况下,冻结/解冻循环导致PEMFC极化阻抗增加,电流密度衰减,催化剂电化学活性面积(ECSA)减少,以及分区电流密度分布均匀性下降,直接影响了PEMFC耐久性;基于优化的二次吹扫策略,可在更少吹扫气体用量下,增强吹扫除水效果;通过水浴加热辅助,在340s内成功实现单电池-30℃低温冷启动.     

基于随机概率密度演化的结构-TMD参数优化

基于地震载荷随机性的事实,以及传统的采用特定地震波研究结构控制条件具有严重缺陷的问题,本文提出以结构最大层间位移作为控制指标,基于概率密度演化理论,采用改进遗传算法对TMD参数进行优化的设计方法.该方法结合改进遗传算法以及概率密度演化方法,充分考虑了随机性对结构影响的本质,根据随机载荷下结构-TMD控制体系中结构层间位移响应和动力可靠度的前后对比,说明优化方法的优越性.以三层剪切型混凝土框架结构-TMD参数优化为例,验证所提方法的正确性,为随机激励下的多自由度结构-TMD系统优化设计提供了一条新的解决途径.     

CdS修饰低密度TiO2纳米棒阵列复合膜的制备及光电性能

为了提高CdS光敏层在TiO₂一维纳米棒阵列中的填充率,在TiO₂种子层的基础上,采用水热法于FTO导电玻璃表面生长了棒长较短、棒间距较大的低密度TiO₂一维纳米棒阵列膜,通过化学浴沉积在TiO₂纳米棒表面包覆CdS种子层,以此为基底采用水热法于TiO₂一维纳米阵列中生长CdS光敏层。采用SEM,XRD及紫外-可见吸收光谱对不同CdS水热生长时间的TiO₂/CdS复合膜结构进行了表征,并对其光电性能进行了研究。结果表明,低密度TiO₂纳米棒阵列有利于CdS生长液在阵列中渗入形成完全包覆的CdS种子层,CdS光敏层通过水热过程在整个TiO₂纳米棒表面均匀生长,逐渐形成CdS对TiO₂纳米棒阵列的完全填充和包覆,并在阵列顶端形成由CdS纳米短棒组成的花状修饰层;CdS的修饰将TiO₂一维纳米阵列膜的光吸收拓展至可见光区,水热生长7 h所得到的TiO₂/CdS复合膜具有最高光电流。所制备的CdS修饰低密度TiO₂纳米棒复合膜在太阳电池器件中具有很好的应用前景。     

CNa42+团簇的结构及其储氢性能研究

氢是一种理想的二次能源,它将成为化石燃料最有希望的替代能源之一,也是亟待开发的重要能源。而氢能的储存成本高,危险性大是急需解决的问题。理论上预测CNa_4~(2+)的储氢性能,通过理论分析,发现了每个CNa_4~(2+)团簇最多可与16个H2分子有效结合,获得23.5%的质量储氢密度。在B3LYP理论水平上,H2分子与CNa_4~(2+)团簇的平均相互作用能在2.107～4.948Kcal/mol之间。由于CNa_4~(2+)的质量储氢密度在7.1～23.7wt%之间,符合美国能源部的要求目标(5.5 wt%)。研究结果表明,CNa_4~(2+)在一定环境条件下可逆吸放氢性能良好,可作为潜在的理想高容量储氢材料。