既有混凝土码头的时变氯离子扩散过程

为了研究不同暴露环境(大气区、潮差区和浪溅区)对氯离子在混凝土中传输的影响,以及氯离子扩散过程的时变特性,对北部湾某码头的混凝土现场耐久性进行了检测,得到了不同深度混凝土试样的自由氯离子浓度.结果表明,在同一侵蚀深度,浪溅区的氯离子浓度最大,潮差区的次之,大气区的最小,拟合得到的表面氯离子浓度和表观氯离子扩散系数亦表现出了相同特性;浪溅区是影响临海钢筋混凝土结构耐久性的最不利暴露环境;氯离子扩散系数随侵蚀时间递减,时间参数为服从正态分布的随机变量,大气区、潮差区和浪溅区时间参数的均值分别为0.19,0.36和0.43;在钢筋混凝土结构的耐久性分析中应考虑氯离子扩散系数的时变特性.     

Development of liquid-nitrogen-cooling friction stir spot welding for AZ31 magnesium alloy joints

A liquid-nitrogen-cooling friction stir spot welding (C-FSSW) technology was developed for welding AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets. The liquid-nitrogen cooling degraded the deformability of the welded materials such that the width of interfacial cracks increased with increasing cooling time. The grain size of the stirred zone (SZ) and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the C-FSSW-welded joints decreased, whereas that of the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) increased with increasing cooling time. The maximum tensile shear load of the C-FSSW-welded joints welded with a cooling time of 5 or 7 s was larger than that of the friction stir spot welding (FSSW)-welded joint, and the tensile shear load decreased with increasing cooling time. The microhardness of the C-FSSW-welded joints was greater than that of the FSSW-welded joint. Moreover, the microhardness of the SZ and the HAZ of the C-FSSW-welded joints increased, whereas that of the TMAZ decreased, with increasing cooling time.     

MgFeSiO_4 prepared via a molten salt method as a new cathode material for rechargeable magnesium batteries

Well-crystallized MgFeSiO4 microparticles were synthesized at different temperatures by a simple molten salt method using KCl flux. As a new cathode for rechargeable magnesium batteries,the material shows a reversible Mg2+ intercalation-deintercalation process. In 0.25 mol/L Mg(AlCl2EtBu) 2/THF electrolyte,MgFeSiO4 synthesized at 900°C can deliver a 125.1 mAh/g initial dis-charge capacity and a 91.4% capacity retention on the 20th cycle at a rate of 0.1C(about 15.6 mA/g) . The results show that MgFeSiO4 cou...     

含均三嗪结构苯并噻唑类化合物的合成和晶体结构

以三聚氯氰等为原料合成了一种含均三嗪结构苯并噻唑类化合物（HY），并通过X射线单晶衍射对其结构进行了表征。结果表明：HY属于单斜晶体，空间群为P2（1）／”。晶胞参数为：Z=4，a=1．4278（17）nm，b=1．6690（2）nm，c=1．44842（17）nm，α=90°，β=102．707（2）°，），γ=90°，V=3．3655（7）nm^3；R1=0．0755；wR2=0．2161。     

Enhanced mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets by continuous bending process after V-bending

The effects of V-bending process, continuous bending process and combination process on the microstructure and mechanical properties and formability of an AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet were investigated. The experimental results showed that no twins were found in the microstructure of all samples after processes due to the fine grain. The V-bending and continuous bending processes were proved to be an effective approach to modify the mechanical properties and formability. While the samples after the combination process exhibited better mechanical properties and formability than the single processed sample. The yield strength significantly decreased with the value of 100 MPa and the fracture elongation enhanced to 18.3% at room temperature. The Erichsen value was 5.0 mm which was significantly increased by 117% compared with as-received sample. The superior formability of combination processed samples was mainly attributed to the smaller r-value and n-value.     

阳离子聚合物对喷墨记录材料性能的影响

研究了不同阳离子聚合物聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵－丙烯酰胺共聚物(PDMDAAC-AM)对喷墨记录材料的吸墨速度、清晰度以及耐水性能的影响。结果表明,当PDMDAAC和PDMDAAC-AM的添加量为每10mL涂布液中加入0.4mL时,喷墨记录材料的记录性能达到最佳。且通过扫描电镜照片显示,向喷墨记录材料的涂层中添加PDMDAAC-AM比添加相同量的PDMDAAC能得到更好的记录性能,可使喷墨记录材料的吸墨速度加快13倍、清晰度提高0.76%、耐水性能也得到明显的改善.     

阳离子醚化剂3-氯-2-羟丙基三乙基氯化铵的合成研究

采用环氧氯丙烷、36%的盐酸、三乙胺为原料水法合成3-氯-2-羟丙基三乙基氯化铵(CTA).结合其反应原理,研究了反应温度、搅拌时间、反应液pH值、环氧氯丙烷与三乙胺盐酸盐的摩尔用量比对产物收率的影响.得出3-氯-2-羟丙基三乙基氯化铵的最佳合成条件为:冷水浴条件下合成三乙胺盐酸盐,总反应时间保证在2.5-5h.环氧氯丙烷和三乙胺盐酸盐的摩尔比为0.95∶1,保证反应体系pH=7~8,搅拌时间在16h左右,温度不超过55℃.     

电迁移加速氯盐传输作用下混凝土中钢筋锈蚀

采用电迁移氯离子法加速了混凝土中钢筋的锈蚀过程.应用腐蚀电位、线性极化法、电化学阻抗谱法和循环极化法对比了C50与C80混凝土试件中钢筋的锈蚀行为.比较了混凝土保护层的开裂情况和钢筋的腐蚀形貌.分析结果表明:掺硅灰的C80试件具有优化的孔结构和较大的电阻率,显著延缓了氯离子到达钢筋表面的时间,因而表现出较好的耐蚀性;而...     

寿命期内钢筋混凝土连续梁体系可靠度分析

建立了一种基于概率和有限元的寿命期内钢筋混凝土桥梁性能演变分析方法.在重点解决材料力学性能退化、截面面积削弱以及结构整体力学性能演变等问题数值模拟方法的基础上编写了耐久性分析程序CBDAS;根据现有研究成果建议了结构性能演变分析中出现的主要随机变量的统计参数;结合CBDAS和Monte-Carlo模拟建立了钢筋混凝土桥梁时变体系可靠度分析方法.最后,以一座钢筋混凝土连续梁为对象,利用时变体系可靠度研究其在氯离子侵蚀作用下寿命期内的结构性能演变规律.     

聚氯乙烯热稳定剂研究新进展

随着人们环保意识的逐渐加强,传统的聚氯乙烯(PVC)热稳定剂,如铅盐类稳定剂已受到了一定的使用限制,因此相应地研究和开发出了一系列新型的PVC热稳定剂,如稀土类、钙锌(Ca/Zn)复合类和有机类热稳定剂.它们几乎是无毒的或低毒的化合物.本文概述了PVC热降解机理,国内外新型热稳定剂的种类、特点及其发展趋势.